{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2204926979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","title":"When can positive interactions cause alternative stable states in ecosystems?","display_name":"When can positive interactions cause alternative stable states in ecosystems?","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2204926979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","mag":"2204926979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174303711","display_name":"Functional Ecology","issn_l":"0269-8463","issn":["0269-8463","1365-2435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000648368","display_name":"Sonia K\u00e9fi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-7770","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9678-7770"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159885104","display_name":"\u00c9cole Pratique des Hautes \u00c9tudes","ror":"https://ror.org/046b3cj80","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19894307","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/051escj72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19894307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105943","display_name":"Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier","ror":"https://ror.org/01cah1n37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I131077856","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210105943","https://openalex.org/I4210107625","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166444","display_name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/05q3vnk25","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sonia K\u00e9fi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier CNRS, IRD, EPHE CC 065 Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution Universit\u00e9 de Montpellier CNRS, IRD, EPHE CC 065 Place Eug\u00e8ne Bataillon 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05 France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210105943","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008653559","display_name":"Milena Holmgren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-5527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-5527"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Milena Holmgren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resource Ecology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045054843","display_name":"Marten Scheffer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I913481162","display_name":"Wageningen University & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04qw24q55","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marten Scheffer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 47, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I913481162"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000648368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I159885104","https://openalex.org/I19894307","https://openalex.org/I4210105943","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"fwci":9.2674,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":208,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98288597,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"1","first_page":"88","last_page":"97"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13377","display_name":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10005","display_name":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","score":0.009600000455975533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10482","display_name":"Mathematical and Theoretical Epidemiology and Ecology Models","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-interactions","display_name":"positive interactions","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alternative-stable-states","display_name":"alternative stable states","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positive-feedback-loop","display_name":"positive feedback loop","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catastrophic-transitions","display_name":"catastrophic transitions","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regime-shifts","display_name":"tipping points","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-communities","display_name":"ecological communities","score":0.47600001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-facilitation","display_name":"plant facilitation","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-assembly","display_name":"community assembly","score":0.40400001406669617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12064787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4736552","display_name":"Alternative stable state","level":3,"score":0.8094445466995239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6599373817443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6263692378997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.6161137819290161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5765154361724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48207687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918004","display_name":"Positive feedback","level":2,"score":0.49569928646087646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4697090983390808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44512954354286194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93586867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62527","display_name":"Negative feedback","level":3,"score":0.42628544569015503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.41999197006225586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.12205767631530762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174303711","display_name":"Functional Ecology","issn_l":"0269-8463","issn":["0269-8463","1365-2435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/496959","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/when-can-positive-interactions-cause-alternative-stable-states-in","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201231","display_name":"Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling","issn_l":"2663-3027","issn":["2663-3027"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0269-8463","raw_type":"Article/Letter to editor"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01938696v1","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.umontpellier.fr/hal-01938696v1/document","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology, 2016, 30 (1), pp.88 - 97. &#x27E8;10.1111/1365-2435.12601&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:wur:oai:library.wur.nl:wurpubs/496959","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/when-can-positive-interactions-cause-alternative-stable-states-in","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology, 30(1), 88 - 97","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2471479585","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://edepot.wur.nl/373056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1365-2435.12601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/1365-2435.12601","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S174303711","display_name":"Functional Ecology","issn_l":"0269-8463","issn":["0269-8463","1365-2435"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Functional Ecology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1575854164","display_name":"CAtastrophic Shifts in drylands: how CAn we prevent ecosystem DEgradation?","funder_award_id":"283068","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G297885364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007\u20102013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","funder_display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3207356259","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2007\u20132013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G393177772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7 2007-2013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5702163051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FP7/2007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334960","display_name":"Seventh Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2204926979.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2204926979.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5777460","https://openalex.org/W43046293","https://openalex.org/W119378269","https://openalex.org/W183004213","https://openalex.org/W330247109","https://openalex.org/W605622376","https://openalex.org/W875269208","https://openalex.org/W1555031400","https://openalex.org/W1581202351","https://openalex.org/W1589319916","https://openalex.org/W1593327800","https://openalex.org/W1804819134","https://openalex.org/W1966454265","https://openalex.org/W1971453484","https://openalex.org/W1974820063","https://openalex.org/W1975702755","https://openalex.org/W1975816373","https://openalex.org/W1987631246","https://openalex.org/W2000005324","https://openalex.org/W2002310280","https://openalex.org/W2008200025","https://openalex.org/W2008687381","https://openalex.org/W2011303397","https://openalex.org/W2012997398","https://openalex.org/W2019917646","https://openalex.org/W2024323969","https://openalex.org/W2025615860","https://openalex.org/W2029733813","https://openalex.org/W2030714377","https://openalex.org/W2036311486","https://openalex.org/W2045700675","https://openalex.org/W2048070542","https://openalex.org/W2052185634","https://openalex.org/W2053435489","https://openalex.org/W2070875991","https://openalex.org/W2076231419","https://openalex.org/W2078353730","https://openalex.org/W2085108482","https://openalex.org/W2088443113","https://openalex.org/W2095718501","https://openalex.org/W2098988996","https://openalex.org/W2100704947","https://openalex.org/W2101173516","https://openalex.org/W2106423152","https://openalex.org/W2107743288","https://openalex.org/W2112125262","https://openalex.org/W2112576014","https://openalex.org/W2116165854","https://openalex.org/W2117775289","https://openalex.org/W2118205225","https://openalex.org/W2127726653","https://openalex.org/W2130023530","https://openalex.org/W2136253503","https://openalex.org/W2136492083","https://openalex.org/W2136498527","https://openalex.org/W2136527485","https://openalex.org/W2142651218","https://openalex.org/W2148327294","https://openalex.org/W2153265806","https://openalex.org/W2155357761","https://openalex.org/W2155765024","https://openalex.org/W2157658472","https://openalex.org/W2159667512","https://openalex.org/W2160537686","https://openalex.org/W2165397343","https://openalex.org/W2166280208","https://openalex.org/W2166328233","https://openalex.org/W2167760928","https://openalex.org/W2200389028","https://openalex.org/W2331238224","https://openalex.org/W2465190063","https://openalex.org/W4232417428","https://openalex.org/W4237402975","https://openalex.org/W4299707413","https://openalex.org/W4299870202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2471479585","https://openalex.org/W2029405919","https://openalex.org/W2008582646","https://openalex.org/W4391339715","https://openalex.org/W4391387664","https://openalex.org/W3086758519","https://openalex.org/W4402981962","https://openalex.org/W2070631362","https://openalex.org/W4400308136","https://openalex.org/W4403055685"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"After":[1],"a":[2,75,100,169],"period":[3],"of":[4,23,28,46,59,109,140,171,187],"heavy":[5],"emphasis":[6],"on":[7,25,120],"negative":[8],"interactions,":[9],"such":[10,68],"as":[11],"predation":[12],"and":[13,57,90,125,150,193,205,225],"competition,":[14],"the":[15,26,107,114,118,138,153,176,184,199,203,206],"past":[16],"two":[17],"decades":[18],"have":[19],"seen":[20],"an":[21],"explosion":[22],"literature":[24,119,177],"role":[27],"positive":[29,35,69,76,97,121,142,180,188,218,222],"interactions":[30,36,70,122,143,181,201,219],"in":[31,123,161,175],"ecological":[32],"communities.":[33],"Such":[34],"can":[37,81,220],"take":[38],"many":[39,62],"forms.":[40],"One":[41],"possibility":[42],"is":[43,99,210],"that":[44],"amelioration":[45],"environmental":[47,85],"stress":[48],"by":[49],"plants":[50],"or":[51],"sessile":[52],"animals":[53],"enhances":[54],"growth,":[55],"reproduction":[56],"survival":[58],"others,":[60],"but":[61],"more":[63,94,191],"intricate":[64],"patterns":[65],"exist.":[66],"Importantly":[67],"may":[71,144],"contribute":[72],"to":[73,83,93,146,202,212],"creating":[74],"feedback.":[77],"For":[78],"instance,":[79],"biomass":[80],"lead":[82,145],"improved":[84],"conditions":[86,217],"causing":[87],"better":[88],"growth":[89],"therefore":[91],"leading":[92],"biomass.":[95],"A":[96],"feedback":[98,189,223],"necessary":[101],"(but":[102],"not":[103],"sufficient)":[104],"condition":[105],"for":[106,155,178],"emergence":[108],"alternative":[110,147,227],"stable":[111,148,228],"states":[112],"at":[113,158],"community":[115,204],"scale.":[116],"However,":[117],"plant":[124],"animal":[126],"communities":[127],"rarely":[128],"addresses":[129],"this":[130,135],"connection.":[131],"Here,":[132],"we":[133],"address":[134],"gap,":[136],"asking":[137],"question":[139],"when":[141],"states,":[149],"hence":[151],"set":[152],"stage":[154],"catastrophic":[156],"transitions":[157],"tipping":[159],"points":[160],"ecosystems.":[162],"We":[163],"argue":[164],"that,":[165],"although":[166],"there":[167],"are":[168,182],"number":[170],"now":[172],"classical":[173],"examples":[174],"which":[179,216],"clearly":[183],"main":[185],"actors":[186],"loops,":[190,224],"empirical":[192],"theoretical":[194],"research":[195],"scaling":[196],"up":[197],"from":[198],"individual\u2010level":[200],"ecosystem":[207],"scale":[208],"processes":[209],"needed":[211],"further":[213],"understand":[214],"under":[215],"trigger":[221],"thereby":[226],"states.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
