{"id":"https://openalex.org/W22018704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/0fr6-j655","title":"How We Still Fail Rape Victims: Reflecting on Responsibility and Legal Reform","display_name":"How We Still Fail Rape Victims: Reflecting on Responsibility and Legal Reform","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W22018704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/0fr6-j655","mag":"22018704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:22018704","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2231682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2231682","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026271502","display_name":"Francis X. Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-1686","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9029-1686"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shen, Francis X.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University - Department of Psychiatry","University of Minnesota Law School"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University - Department of Psychiatry","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Minnesota Law School","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026271502"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516","https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13926","display_name":"Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rape-law-reform","display_name":"rape law reform","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rape-myths","display_name":"rape myths","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blame","display_name":"blame","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collective-responsibility","display_name":"collective responsibility","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-violence","display_name":"sexual violence","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jury-verdicts","display_name":"jury verdicts","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moral-panic","display_name":"moral panic","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-influence-on-policy","display_name":"media influence on policy","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fraternities","display_name":"fraternities","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781466463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621695","display_name":"Blame","level":2,"score":0.83786940574646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5863243937492371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5604697465896606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776119841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837675","display_name":"Jury","level":2,"score":0.5602700114250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5034460425376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97460637","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468489","display_name":"Plaintiff","level":2,"score":0.501157283782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776841582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264236","display_name":"Law reform","level":2,"score":0.4844089150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200635333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158970","display_name":"Tort","level":3,"score":0.4541078209877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151884938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914277","display_name":"Moral panic","level":2,"score":0.44815006852149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777070848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7307387","display_name":"Reform Act","level":2,"score":0.42999494075775146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57017900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7827280","display_name":"Tort reform","level":4,"score":0.41773998737335205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.39454811811447144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.31698405742645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2842932343482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.24555009603500366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.22294703125953674}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"mag:22018704","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2231682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3123325881","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.library.columbia.edu/index.php/cjgl/article/view/2646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764784935","display_name":"Columbia Journal of Gender and Law","issn_l":"1062-6220","issn":["1062-6220","2333-4339"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320308","host_organization_name":"Columbia University Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320308"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Columbia University Libraries"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Columbia Journal of Gender and Law","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.7916/0fr6-j655","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/0fr6-j655","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/0fr6-j655","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.7916/cjgl.v22i1.2646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.7916/cjgl.v22i1.2646","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.7916/cjgl.v22i1.2646","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402601","display_name":"Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I78577930","host_organization_name":"Columbia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78577930"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:22018704","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://autopapers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2231682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.6025999784469604,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7165859275","https://openalex.org/W7036627590","https://openalex.org/W3123310623","https://openalex.org/W196393257","https://openalex.org/W7165947640","https://openalex.org/W7126490868","https://openalex.org/W2563990995","https://openalex.org/W4301000900","https://openalex.org/W7165950573","https://openalex.org/W7163718316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"over":[1,107],"thirty":[2],"years":[3],"of":[4,15,81,101,133,173,180,249,266],"rape":[5,8,30,86,102,122,250,253],"law":[6,254],"reform,":[7],"remains":[9],"too":[10,18,35],"prevalent,":[11],"and":[12,45,83,109,136,153,183,218,252,279],"successful":[13],"convictions":[14],"rapists":[16],"remain":[17],"rare.":[19],"I":[20,77,96,117,146,163,176,192,212,238,256],"argue":[21,84,147,193,257],"in":[22,39,50,71,110,123,185,230],"this":[23,66],"Article":[24,69],"that":[25,54,85,148,194,220,258],"we":[26,33,155,269],"continue":[27],"to":[28,37,40,43,48,58,88,121,157,167,189,223,259,276,286],"fail":[29],"victims":[31],"because":[32],"are":[34],"quick":[36],"give":[38],"our":[41,62],"instinct":[42],"blame":[44,224],"less":[46],"willing":[47],"engage":[49],"the":[51,99,111,124,178,181,195,221,240,246,264,283],"careful":[52,207],"reflection":[53,244],"would":[55],"lead":[56],"us":[57],"see":[59],"more":[60],"profoundly":[61],"collective":[63,277,280],"responsibility":[64,278],"for":[65,263],"failure.":[67],"The":[68],"proceeds":[70],"five":[72],"sections.":[73],"In":[74,114,160,209,235],"Section":[75,115,161,210,236],"I,":[76],"review":[78],"a":[79,129,171,243],"number":[80],"studies":[82],"reforms":[87],"date,":[89],"while":[90],"significant,":[91],"have":[92],"nonetheless":[93],"been":[94,200],"inadequate.":[95],"then":[97],"discuss":[98,177],"pervasiveness":[100],"myths":[103,251],"about":[104],"blame,":[105],"both":[106],"time":[108],"present":[112],"day.":[113],"II,":[116],"extend":[118],"my":[119,165],"analysis":[120,132],"tort":[125],"system.":[126],"Drawing":[127],"on":[128,170,245],"recent":[130],"empirical":[131,174],"jury":[134],"verdicts":[135],"settlements,":[137],"as":[138,140],"well":[139],"interviews":[141],"with":[142,242],"practicing":[143],"plaintiffs\u2019":[144],"attorneys,":[145],"unless":[149],"harm":[150],"is":[151,232,282],"concrete":[152],"visible,":[154],"tend":[156],"devalue":[158],"it.":[159],"III,":[162],"turn":[164],"attention":[166],"policymaking.":[168],"Based":[169],"series":[172],"studies,":[175],"role":[179],"media":[182],"legislators":[184],"shaping":[186],"policy":[187,196],"response":[188,197],"sex":[190],"crimes.":[191],"has":[198,216],"often":[199],"driven":[201],"by":[202],"moral":[203],"panic":[204],"rather":[205],"than":[206],"reflection.":[208],"IV,":[211],"evaluate":[213],"why":[214],"reform":[215],"failed":[217],"suggest":[219],"impulse":[222],"all":[225,228],"men":[226,229],"or":[227],"fraternities":[231],"overly":[233],"simplistic.":[234],"V,":[237],"conclude":[239],"paper":[241],"deeper":[247],"meanings":[248],"reform.":[255,287],"find":[260],"lasting":[261],"solutions":[262],"problems":[265],"sexual":[267],"violence":[268],"must":[270],"first":[271],"look":[272],"inward.":[273],"Reflection,":[274],"leading":[275],"action,":[281],"best":[284],"path":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}