{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2201723313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-002-6/05","title":"Lichens As Bioindicators Of Air Pollution","display_name":"Lichens As Bioindicators Of Air Pollution","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2201723313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-002-6/05","mag":"2201723313"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2201723313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-002-6/05","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/9781845640026/9781845640026005FU1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764381653","display_name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311589","host_organization_name":"WIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["WIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045445608","display_name":"Marcelo Enrique Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-2914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-2914"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Enrique Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5273-2914","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045445608"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79075596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11528","display_name":"Lichen and fungal ecology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11528","display_name":"Lichen and fungal ecology","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12832","display_name":"Biocrusts and Microbial Ecology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lichens","display_name":"lichens","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bioindicators","display_name":"bioindicators","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-pollution","display_name":"air pollution","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-quality-monitoring","display_name":"air quality monitoring","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lichen-symbiosis","display_name":"lichen symbiosis","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photosynthesis","display_name":"photosynthesis","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll-content","display_name":"chlorophyll content","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfur-dioxide","display_name":"sulfur dioxide","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-related-air-pollution","display_name":"traffic-related air pollution","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-emissions","display_name":"urban emissions","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lichen-transplantation","display_name":"lichen transplantation","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane-damage","display_name":"membrane damage","score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiration","display_name":"respiration","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auxin","display_name":"auxin","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethylene-production","display_name":"ethylene production","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atp-depletion","display_name":"ATP depletion","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epiphytic-lichens","display_name":"epiphytic lichens","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomonitors","display_name":"biomonitors","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metals","display_name":"heavy metals","score":0.3230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120149898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43142","display_name":"Lichen","level":2,"score":0.9729346632957458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176585087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864438","display_name":"Bioindicator","level":2,"score":0.9173547029495239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56449476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188238","display_name":"Epiphyte","level":2,"score":0.7614556550979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779678110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764","display_name":"Fungus","level":2,"score":0.4944114685058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.4828210771083832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.4816693067550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.45720937848091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.4355734884738922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4209277927875519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.4110201597213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.203663170337677}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2201723313","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2495/978-1-84564-002-6/05","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/9781845640026/9781845640026005FU1.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764381653","display_name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311589","host_organization_name":"WIT Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311589"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["WIT Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WIT Transactions on State-of-the-art in Science and Engineering","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":236,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89315767","https://openalex.org/W127765308","https://openalex.org/W140486010","https://openalex.org/W141162434","https://openalex.org/W151090344","https://openalex.org/W174647898","https://openalex.org/W267926671","https://openalex.org/W611803591","https://openalex.org/W624779498","https://openalex.org/W627826721","https://openalex.org/W1231928770","https://openalex.org/W1509770385","https://openalex.org/W1516571889","https://openalex.org/W1535628500","https://openalex.org/W1542118517","https://openalex.org/W1573518848","https://openalex.org/W1791746568","https://openalex.org/W1929811798","https://openalex.org/W1963756845","https://openalex.org/W1964691410","https://openalex.org/W1965896618","https://openalex.org/W1966142285","https://openalex.org/W1966837376","https://openalex.org/W1968005708","https://openalex.org/W1969319566","https://openalex.org/W1969731678","https://openalex.org/W1970951387","https://openalex.org/W1972324101","https://openalex.org/W1973351152","https://openalex.org/W1974349837","https://openalex.org/W1977436565","https://openalex.org/W1978140775","https://openalex.org/W1978366433","https://openalex.org/W1978612083","https://openalex.org/W1979808307","https://openalex.org/W1979918479","https://openalex.org/W1980442039","https://openalex.org/W1981462222","https://openalex.org/W1982594307","https://openalex.org/W1983337135","https://openalex.org/W1984490765","https://openalex.org/W1986923936","https://openalex.org/W1987459324","https://openalex.org/W1988583328","https://openalex.org/W1990770930","https://openalex.org/W1990821449","https://openalex.org/W1993710971","https://openalex.org/W1994125718","https://openalex.org/W1994870585","https://openalex.org/W1996323346","https://openalex.org/W1997885704","https://openalex.org/W1998465716","https://openalex.org/W2001599378","https://openalex.org/W2001970084","https://openalex.org/W2002221070","https://openalex.org/W2003524549","https://openalex.org/W2003628507","https://openalex.org/W2004814620","https://openalex.org/W2005249074","https://openalex.org/W2006438204","https://openalex.org/W2007120322","https://openalex.org/W2008887983","https://openalex.org/W2011713110","https://openalex.org/W2013019002","https://openalex.org/W2013207626","https://openalex.org/W2013702938","https://openalex.org/W2014441598","https://openalex.org/W2014606125","https://openalex.org/W2015677114","https://openalex.org/W2017780492","https://openalex.org/W2017892280","https://openalex.org/W2019008787","https://openalex.org/W2019819200","https://openalex.org/W2019831058","https://openalex.org/W2021399372","https://openalex.org/W2021727861","https://openalex.org/W2024121162","https://openalex.org/W2024526911","https://openalex.org/W2024614385","https://openalex.org/W2024651295","https://openalex.org/W2024699160","https://openalex.org/W2025369877","https://openalex.org/W2026013606","https://openalex.org/W2026301220","https://openalex.org/W2027986493","https://openalex.org/W2030207292","https://openalex.org/W2031994438","https://openalex.org/W2034581211","https://openalex.org/W2035721528","https://openalex.org/W2035987495","https://openalex.org/W2036486805","https://openalex.org/W2036883359","https://openalex.org/W2037636548","https://openalex.org/W2038532338","https://openalex.org/W2038539098","https://openalex.org/W2038698825","https://openalex.org/W2040482815","https://openalex.org/W2041220955","https://openalex.org/W2043683760","https://openalex.org/W2043829987","https://openalex.org/W2045034849","https://openalex.org/W2045279076","https://openalex.org/W2045434952","https://openalex.org/W2045448671","https://openalex.org/W2045586220","https://openalex.org/W2046315549","https://openalex.org/W2046341200","https://openalex.org/W2046785004","https://openalex.org/W2047240341","https://openalex.org/W2050700560","https://openalex.org/W2052935521","https://openalex.org/W2052978010","https://openalex.org/W2053070932","https://openalex.org/W2053094286","https://openalex.org/W2053899931","https://openalex.org/W2054801721","https://openalex.org/W2055354235","https://openalex.org/W2055719464","https://openalex.org/W2056425355","https://openalex.org/W2056728469","https://openalex.org/W2057009892","https://openalex.org/W2057096425","https://openalex.org/W2057850079","https://openalex.org/W2057885394","https://openalex.org/W2059033079","https://openalex.org/W2059295126","https://openalex.org/W2059669371","https://openalex.org/W2060092857","https://openalex.org/W2061460136","https://openalex.org/W2062972123","https://openalex.org/W2064033884","https://openalex.org/W2068246614","https://openalex.org/W2068372391","https://openalex.org/W2069808486","https://openalex.org/W2069813708","https://openalex.org/W2070166927","https://openalex.org/W2071861700","https://openalex.org/W2071979946","https://openalex.org/W2072473808","https://openalex.org/W2073265676","https://openalex.org/W2074755878","https://openalex.org/W2074903891","https://openalex.org/W2076752413","https://openalex.org/W2078599067","https://openalex.org/W2078605342","https://openalex.org/W2079775008","https://openalex.org/W2079824018","https://openalex.org/W2080189519","https://openalex.org/W2082081829","https://openalex.org/W2082139540","https://openalex.org/W2082477340","https://openalex.org/W2082562260","https://openalex.org/W2082874004","https://openalex.org/W2084856126","https://openalex.org/W2085361924","https://openalex.org/W2086109253","https://openalex.org/W2088075286","https://openalex.org/W2089638183","https://openalex.org/W2089736616","https://openalex.org/W2091691325","https://openalex.org/W2092840091","https://openalex.org/W2094071721","https://openalex.org/W2094365660","https://openalex.org/W2095048814","https://openalex.org/W2097541371","https://openalex.org/W2098718911","https://openalex.org/W2099668734","https://openalex.org/W2102771217","https://openalex.org/W2103447819","https://openalex.org/W2103773669","https://openalex.org/W2104766542","https://openalex.org/W2109483070","https://openalex.org/W2115398956","https://openalex.org/W2116093289","https://openalex.org/W2116674832","https://openalex.org/W2120561736","https://openalex.org/W2122341380","https://openalex.org/W2123782275","https://openalex.org/W2124933300","https://openalex.org/W2127930549","https://openalex.org/W2130150518","https://openalex.org/W2131977839","https://openalex.org/W2132755212","https://openalex.org/W2132931861","https://openalex.org/W2134522446","https://openalex.org/W2136653252","https://openalex.org/W2137060666","https://openalex.org/W2137460376","https://openalex.org/W2144074075","https://openalex.org/W2144570475","https://openalex.org/W2145287894","https://openalex.org/W2146886617","https://openalex.org/W2147701789","https://openalex.org/W2148248946","https://openalex.org/W2148506244","https://openalex.org/W2160042119","https://openalex.org/W2160210957","https://openalex.org/W2161000983","https://openalex.org/W2161016578","https://openalex.org/W2166120088","https://openalex.org/W2166614847","https://openalex.org/W2170156030","https://openalex.org/W2288496743","https://openalex.org/W2317588136","https://openalex.org/W2329715357","https://openalex.org/W2330568338","https://openalex.org/W2338701620","https://openalex.org/W2339198304","https://openalex.org/W2388650536","https://openalex.org/W2416826165","https://openalex.org/W2418171488","https://openalex.org/W2419400620","https://openalex.org/W2466607677","https://openalex.org/W2468922422","https://openalex.org/W2472881007","https://openalex.org/W2479720727","https://openalex.org/W2486727704","https://openalex.org/W2487413360","https://openalex.org/W2488260786","https://openalex.org/W2497055778","https://openalex.org/W2500063295","https://openalex.org/W2518680306","https://openalex.org/W2520868852","https://openalex.org/W2580306079","https://openalex.org/W2592986426","https://openalex.org/W2612879867","https://openalex.org/W2615260342","https://openalex.org/W2746989748","https://openalex.org/W2755267891","https://openalex.org/W2795330442","https://openalex.org/W2991683698","https://openalex.org/W2997987124","https://openalex.org/W3010160113","https://openalex.org/W3023434037","https://openalex.org/W3164491338","https://openalex.org/W7223424053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6885034947","https://openalex.org/W167406362","https://openalex.org/W7133447831","https://openalex.org/W4255886755","https://openalex.org/W7001842454","https://openalex.org/W2925048091","https://openalex.org/W2012457123","https://openalex.org/W4387873596","https://openalex.org/W2611569099","https://openalex.org/W3014908827"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lichens":[0,153],"are":[1,79,127,154,223,318,344],"considered":[2],"the":[3,17,27,49,52,58,68,71,96,124,130,134,155,177,185,250,279,288,295],"result":[4],"of":[5,9,60,118,133,159,187,192,197,210,241,252,282,297],"a":[6,10,22,25,41,44,83,92,142,275,299,331],"symbiotic":[7],"association":[8],"fungus":[11,28,69],"and":[12,75,81,101,237,255,284,309],"an":[13,31,327],"alga.":[14],"More":[15],"precisely":[16],"term":[18],"\u201calga\u201d":[19],"indicates":[20],"either":[21,40],"Cyanobacteriae":[23],"or":[24,43,120],"Chlorophyceae;":[26],"is":[29,51,55,302,336],"usually":[30],"Ascomycetes,":[32],"although":[33],"on":[34,146],"rare":[35],"occasions":[36],"it":[37,63],"may":[38],"be":[39],"Basidiomycetes":[42],"Phycomycetes.":[45],"In":[46,314],"this":[47],"association,":[48],"alga":[50,72],"part":[53],"that":[54,123,294,317,335],"occupied":[56],"with":[57,73,322],"formation":[59],"nutrients,":[61],"since":[62],"contains":[64],"chlorophyll":[65,235],"(Chl),":[66],"while":[67],"supplies":[70],"water":[74],"minerals.":[76],"These":[77],"organisms":[78],"perennial":[80],"maintain":[82],"uniform":[84],"morphology":[85],"over":[86,129],"time.":[87],"They":[88,163],"grow":[89],"slowly,":[90],"have":[91,164,183],"large-scale":[93],"dependence":[94],"upon":[95],"environment":[97],"for":[98,171],"their":[99,116,198,211],"nutrition,":[100],"\u2013":[102,107],"differently":[103],"from":[104],"vascular":[105],"plants":[106],"they":[108],"do":[109],"not":[110],"shed":[111],"parts":[112],"during":[113],"growth.":[114],"Furthermore,":[115,259],"lack":[117],"cuticle":[119],"stoma":[121],"means":[122],"different":[125],"contaminants":[126],"absorbed":[128],"entire":[131],"surface":[132],"organism":[135],"[1\u20133].":[136],"As":[137],"far":[138],"back":[139],"as":[140,150,167,190],"1866,":[141],"study":[143],"was":[144],"published":[145],"epiphytic":[147],"lichens":[148,189,283,316],"used":[149,224],"bioindicators":[151,158],"[4].":[152],"most":[156],"studied":[157],"air":[160,172,193],"quality":[161,194],"[5].":[162],"been":[165],"defined":[166],"\u201cpermanent":[168],"control":[169],"systems\u201d":[170],"pollution":[173,307],"assessment":[174],"[6].":[175],"During":[176],"last":[178],"30":[179],"years,":[180],"many":[181,220],"studies":[182,273],"stressed":[184],"possibility":[186],"using":[188],"biomonitors":[191],"in":[195,208,244,249,287,329,340],"view":[196],"sensitivity":[199],"to":[200,225,229,262,268,338],"various":[201],"environmental":[202,227],"factors,":[203],"which":[204],"can":[205],"provoke":[206],"changes":[207,248],"some":[209],"components":[212],"and/or":[213],"specific":[214],"parameters":[215,222],"[3,":[216],"7\u201330].":[217],"For":[218],"indeed,":[219],"physiological":[221],"evaluate":[226],"damage":[228,267],"lichens,":[230],"such":[231],"as:":[232],"photosynthesis":[233],"[31\u201333];":[234],"content":[236,281],"degradation":[238],"[34\u201337];":[239],"decrease":[240],"ATP;":[242],"variations":[243],"respiration":[245],"levels":[246],"[34];":[247],"level":[251],"endogenous":[253],"auxins;":[254],"ethylene":[256],"production":[257],"[38\u201340].":[258],"laboratory":[260],"exposure":[261],"SO2":[263,285],"causes":[264],"relevant":[265],"membrane":[266],"lichen":[269],"cells":[270],"[41].":[271],"Many":[272],"show":[274,326],"positive":[276],"correlation":[277],"between":[278],"sulphur":[280],"present":[286],"atmosphere":[289],"[42\u201345].":[290],"Various":[291],"authors":[292],"report":[293],"concentration":[296,334],"Chl":[298,330],"+":[300,332],"b":[301,333],"altered":[303],"by":[304,310],"vehicle":[305,324],"traffic":[306,325],"[46\u201348],":[308],"urban":[311],"emissions":[312],"[49].":[313],"general,":[315],"transplanted":[319],"into":[320],"areas":[321],"intense":[323],"increase":[328],"proportional":[337],"increases":[339],"emissions.":[341],"Such":[342],"effects":[343],"WITPress_BMTA_ch005.qxd":[345],"12/14/2007":[346],"3:14":[347],"PM":[348],"Page":[349],"111":[350]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-02T09:45:03.842371","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}