{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2201460939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","title":"Context Sensitive Shape-Substitution in Nastaliq Writing System: Analysis and Formulation","display_name":"Context Sensitive Shape-Substitution in Nastaliq Writing System: Analysis and Formulation","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2201460939","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","mag":"2201460939"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1587172986","display_name":"Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039309200","display_name":"Aamir Wali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-6113","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5314-6113"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Wali","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033831523","display_name":"Sarmad Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-745X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6956-745X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201384688","display_name":"National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/003eyb898","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarmad Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["NUCES"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NUCES","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201384688"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":39.9356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99758002,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"58"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13757","display_name":"Graphic Design and Typography","score":0.5615000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13757","display_name":"Graphic Design and Typography","score":0.5615000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.17550000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.10050000250339508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasta-liq-script","display_name":"Nasta'liq script","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu-script","display_name":"Urdu script","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-sensitive-grammars","display_name":"context-sensitive grammars","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calligraphy","display_name":"calligraphy","score":0.32499998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.8030303716659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.7796226143836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166422571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159964","display_name":"Typography","level":2,"score":0.7395517826080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6959580779075623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.6390493512153625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6153887510299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.5827488899230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.47865569591522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4189720153808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.24246129393577576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.21381032466888428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.18365278840065002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.10238024592399597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.08367446064949036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.07354861497879028}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6268-1_10","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463937","display_name":"Springer eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Computer and Information Sciences and Engineering","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098089216","https://openalex.org/W2040750724","https://openalex.org/W952560620","https://openalex.org/W1555342290","https://openalex.org/W7096747137","https://openalex.org/W3161344737","https://openalex.org/W4410312747","https://openalex.org/W7166352962","https://openalex.org/W3202782598","https://openalex.org/W2077966050"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-10T09:11:00.788812","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}