{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2201124277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757489","title":"The Discovery of the Point-Contact Transistor","display_name":"The Discovery of the Point-Contact Transistor","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2201124277","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757489","mag":"2201124277"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/27757489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764542519","display_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","issn_l":"0073-2672","issn":["0073-2672","2327-7394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025943838","display_name":"Lillian Hartmann Hoddeson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-4861","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6000-4861"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lillian Hoddeson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025943838"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31508852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"41","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.6977999806404114,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.14159999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12445","display_name":"Twentieth Century Scientific Developments","score":0.05299999937415123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-contact-transistor","display_name":"point-contact transistor","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor-invention","display_name":"transistor invention","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-electronics","display_name":"history of electronics","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-contacts","display_name":"point contacts","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-devices","display_name":"semiconductor devices","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778447006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474","display_name":"Icon","level":2,"score":0.9390577077865601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.7581920027732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370067596435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780154274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126717","display_name":"Download","level":2,"score":0.6174107789993286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5640698671340942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5567187070846558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5265436768531799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/27757489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757489","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/27757489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764542519","display_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","issn_l":"0073-2672","issn":["0073-2672","2327-7394"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1414690231","https://openalex.org/W1534790618","https://openalex.org/W1968108159","https://openalex.org/W1989806939","https://openalex.org/W2008169698","https://openalex.org/W2028487822","https://openalex.org/W2063252085","https://openalex.org/W2072418289","https://openalex.org/W2094485293","https://openalex.org/W2315918089","https://openalex.org/W3183529540","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232490779","https://openalex.org/W2186954728","https://openalex.org/W2007536171","https://openalex.org/W2003435482","https://openalex.org/W2495122543","https://openalex.org/W2382211409","https://openalex.org/W2125693486","https://openalex.org/W4382561993","https://openalex.org/W1643564385","https://openalex.org/W1841414361"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}