{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2200664269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145596","title":"The Fiscal Substitution Effect of Alternative Approaches to Public Service Employment Policy","display_name":"The Fiscal Substitution Effect of Alternative Approaches to Public Service Employment Policy","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2200664269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145596","mag":"2200664269"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2307/145596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62957338","display_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","issn_l":"0022-166X","issn":["0022-166X","1548-8004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031469371","display_name":"George E. Johnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-5025","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8270-5025"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George E. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080849036","display_name":"James D. Tomola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James D. Tomola","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2769,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97052557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"1","first_page":"3","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.5,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13387","display_name":"Politics, Economics, and Education Policy","score":0.2329999953508377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.054999999701976776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service-employment","display_name":"public service employment","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-service-recruitment","display_name":"civil service recruitment","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-employment-policy","display_name":"public employment policy","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.3019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-wages","display_name":"public sector wages","score":0.3449999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778220771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1522579","display_name":"Substitution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.8368431925773621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6137087345123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161837","display_name":"Public service","level":2,"score":0.5167447924613953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4950341582298279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524878704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187021","display_name":"Fiscal policy","level":2,"score":0.43633753061294556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.42590439319610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.33605968952178955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.23092466592788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1002325713634491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.09830471873283386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.06355488300323486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2307/145596","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/145596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62957338","display_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","issn_l":"0022-166X","issn":["0022-166X","1548-8004"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Human Resources","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:uwp:jhriss:v:12:y:1977:i:1:p:3-26","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/145596","pdf_url":"http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/145596","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527753380","https://openalex.org/W1573860999","https://openalex.org/W1987261148","https://openalex.org/W2000477896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1496405098","https://openalex.org/W2335017887","https://openalex.org/W2518705174","https://openalex.org/W1990444909","https://openalex.org/W2795898123","https://openalex.org/W2146312685","https://openalex.org/W2563406823","https://openalex.org/W1584008361","https://openalex.org/W314556495","https://openalex.org/W2469956483"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"George":[0],"E.":[1],"Johnson,":[2],"James":[3],"D.":[4],"Tomola,":[5],"The":[6,18],"Fiscal":[7],"Substitution":[8],"Effect":[9],"of":[10,20],"Alternative":[11],"Approaches":[12],"to":[13],"Public":[14],"Service":[15],"Employment":[16],"Policy,":[17],"Journal":[19],"Human":[21],"Resources,":[22],"Vol.":[23],"12,":[24],"No.":[25],"1":[26],"(Winter,":[27],"1977),":[28],"pp.":[29],"3-26":[30]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}