{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2200258239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","title":"Protection by butyrylcholinesterase against organophosphorus poisoning in nonhuman primates.","display_name":"Protection by butyrylcholinesterase against organophosphorus poisoning in nonhuman primates.","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2200258239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","mag":"2200258239","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941611"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102125482","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","issn_l":"0022-3565","issn":["0022-3565","1521-0103"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316283","host_organization_name":"American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316283"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111859045","display_name":"Clarence A. Broomfield","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C A Broomfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008006547","display_name":"Donald M. Maxwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D M Maxwell","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104066454","display_name":"Richard P. Solana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R P Solana","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003853176","display_name":"Carl Andrew Castro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-4967","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2767-4967"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C A Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023460154","display_name":"Anita V. Finger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A V Finger","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109074975","display_name":"David E. Lenz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D E Lenz","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.356,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93183349,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"259","issue":"2","first_page":"633","last_page":"638"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.7509999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12023","display_name":"Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases","score":0.7509999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.2476000040769577,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11353","display_name":"Venomous Animal Envenomation and Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/butyrylcholinesterase","display_name":"butyrylcholinesterase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphate-poisoning","display_name":"organophosphate poisoning","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soman","display_name":"soman","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sarin","display_name":"sarin","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroprotection","display_name":"neuroprotection","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rhesus-macaques","display_name":"rhesus monkeys","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atropine","display_name":"atropine","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-toxicity","display_name":"behavioral toxicity","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cholinesterase-reactivation","display_name":"cholinesterase reactivation","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22679015","display_name":"Butyrylcholinesterase","level":5,"score":0.9130977392196655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780266723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408044","display_name":"Soman","level":4,"score":0.8055232763290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778816929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676679","display_name":"Acetylcholinesterase","level":3,"score":0.5731021761894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.5648710131645203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.563075065612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2612896","display_name":"Nerve agent","level":4,"score":0.5538448691368103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775859210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26272","display_name":"Atropine","level":2,"score":0.5489632487297058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780292010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187695","display_name":"Sarin","level":4,"score":0.5394322276115417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779365888","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194168","display_name":"Antidote","level":3,"score":0.5175415873527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31896038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415635","display_name":"Cholinesterase","level":2,"score":0.47500383853912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779059548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383701","display_name":"Ach\u00e9","level":4,"score":0.44752442836761475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.44579505920410156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.42912352085113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167552308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711849","display_name":"Median lethal dose","level":3,"score":0.4177371859550476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4117288589477539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3925371766090393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.33409345149993896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.22444367408752441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16842561960220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.14761406183242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1408533751964569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002091","descriptor_name":"Butyrylcholinesterase","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002091","descriptor_name":"Butyrylcholinesterase","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007928","descriptor_name":"Lethal Dose 50","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008253","descriptor_name":"Macaca mulatta","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011041","descriptor_name":"Poisoning","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012524","descriptor_name":"Sarin","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012999","descriptor_name":"Soman","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D062025","descriptor_name":"Organophosphate Poisoning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20479-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S102125482","display_name":"Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","issn_l":"0022-3565","issn":["0022-3565","1521-0103"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316283","host_organization_name":"American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316283"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1941611","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2200258239","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1941611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W239680841","https://openalex.org/W2222707003","https://openalex.org/W2020833434","https://openalex.org/W1995236275","https://openalex.org/W2007964430","https://openalex.org/W2339407520","https://openalex.org/W2091309931","https://openalex.org/W2030148464","https://openalex.org/W2015630759","https://openalex.org/W2091805300"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
