{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2193752997","doi":null,"title":"Immune Responses of Chronic HCV Infection","display_name":"Immune Responses of Chronic HCV Infection","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-10-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2193752997","mag":"2193752997"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repub.eur.nl:78965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965","pdf_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196287","display_name":"RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070019926","display_name":"Michelle Spaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-1553","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-1553"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michelle Spaan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-1553","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070019926"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10340","display_name":"Hepatitis B Virus Studies","score":0.6547999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10340","display_name":"Hepatitis B Virus Studies","score":0.6547999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":0.33570000529289246,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10966","display_name":"Liver physiology and pathology","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-hepatitis-b","display_name":"chronic hepatitis B","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-b-virus","display_name":"hepatitis B virus","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-response","display_name":"immune response","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-c-virus","display_name":"hepatitis C virus","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-b-surface-antigen","display_name":"hepatitis B surface antigen","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covalently-closed-circular-dna","display_name":"covalently closed circular DNA","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocellular-carcinoma","display_name":"hepatocellular carcinoma","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-transmission","display_name":"virus transmission","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatocyte-infection","display_name":"hepatocyte infection","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-inflammation","display_name":"liver inflammation","score":0.3869999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777410769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2282887","display_name":"HBsAg","level":4,"score":0.7003517150878906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.6044921875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.5973170399665833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5760312676429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019340110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q525512","display_name":"Sexual transmission","level":4,"score":0.5386908054351807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5122982263565063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777382497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6853","display_name":"Hepatitis B","level":2,"score":0.47542956471443176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019392825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383126","display_name":"Chronic infection","level":3,"score":0.44905877113342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780593183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6844","display_name":"Hepatitis B virus","level":3,"score":0.4438017010688782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.4174268841743469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.36473047733306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.3059680461883545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197746943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q68541106","display_name":"Microbicide","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repub.eur.nl:78965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965","pdf_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196287","display_name":"RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},{"id":"pmh:eur:oai:repub.eur.nl:78965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1765/78965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196287","display_name":"RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralthesis"},{"id":"mag:2193752997","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965/151014_Spaan-Michelle.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2586127096","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965/151014_Spaan-Michelle.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repub.eur.nl:78965","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965","pdf_url":"http://repub.eur.nl/pub/78965","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196287","display_name":"RePub (Erasmus University Rotterdam)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I913958620","host_organization_name":"Erasmus University Rotterdam","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I913958620"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335079","display_name":"Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi","ror":"https://ror.org/03sxt1c89"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2193752997.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2193752997.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":100,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487816967","https://openalex.org/W1557362144","https://openalex.org/W1567692243","https://openalex.org/W1703303678","https://openalex.org/W1964491003","https://openalex.org/W1965228930","https://openalex.org/W1965437392","https://openalex.org/W1966835017","https://openalex.org/W1971079822","https://openalex.org/W1972989279","https://openalex.org/W1973452228","https://openalex.org/W1975753196","https://openalex.org/W1976950676","https://openalex.org/W1978314081","https://openalex.org/W1979468186","https://openalex.org/W1981136135","https://openalex.org/W1985982900","https://openalex.org/W1986696487","https://openalex.org/W1990527700","https://openalex.org/W1993009549","https://openalex.org/W1993418439","https://openalex.org/W1994087084","https://openalex.org/W1997047331","https://openalex.org/W1999143267","https://openalex.org/W2003692477","https://openalex.org/W2003831905","https://openalex.org/W2008617601","https://openalex.org/W2009547326","https://openalex.org/W2012824806","https://openalex.org/W2012873354","https://openalex.org/W2013077104","https://openalex.org/W2016844693","https://openalex.org/W2020276240","https://openalex.org/W2025422326","https://openalex.org/W2031472841","https://openalex.org/W2033239466","https://openalex.org/W2038299336","https://openalex.org/W2040101351","https://openalex.org/W2040353461","https://openalex.org/W2040562731","https://openalex.org/W2044963057","https://openalex.org/W2046150771","https://openalex.org/W2046179067","https://openalex.org/W2050571266","https://openalex.org/W2051758335","https://openalex.org/W2053677639","https://openalex.org/W2058115636","https://openalex.org/W2059311032","https://openalex.org/W2061008627","https://openalex.org/W2064823659","https://openalex.org/W2066725789","https://openalex.org/W2068329523","https://openalex.org/W2071267501","https://openalex.org/W2073247934","https://openalex.org/W2073449362","https://openalex.org/W2076723714","https://openalex.org/W2077490433","https://openalex.org/W2077939368","https://openalex.org/W2082146590","https://openalex.org/W2084152099","https://openalex.org/W2085662246","https://openalex.org/W2086342653","https://openalex.org/W2086887894","https://openalex.org/W2089153567","https://openalex.org/W2091172564","https://openalex.org/W2092997044","https://openalex.org/W2093189109","https://openalex.org/W2096432969","https://openalex.org/W2096779842","https://openalex.org/W2096966773","https://openalex.org/W2097855813","https://openalex.org/W2098887521","https://openalex.org/W2099228133","https://openalex.org/W2100856307","https://openalex.org/W2104966044","https://openalex.org/W2108435608","https://openalex.org/W2115150071","https://openalex.org/W2118623348","https://openalex.org/W2119896120","https://openalex.org/W2122154871","https://openalex.org/W2123347004","https://openalex.org/W2124139886","https://openalex.org/W2127685726","https://openalex.org/W2134342374","https://openalex.org/W2135397599","https://openalex.org/W2137929296","https://openalex.org/W2138488044","https://openalex.org/W2139252405","https://openalex.org/W2143454433","https://openalex.org/W2143709477","https://openalex.org/W2146828787","https://openalex.org/W2148319556","https://openalex.org/W2149777957","https://openalex.org/W2152543398","https://openalex.org/W2153346747","https://openalex.org/W2156076656","https://openalex.org/W2164984825","https://openalex.org/W2167708288","https://openalex.org/W2314120200","https://openalex.org/W2325791202"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2586127096","https://openalex.org/W2180129533","https://openalex.org/W255654657","https://openalex.org/W4235981186","https://openalex.org/W4245489066","https://openalex.org/W7096583232","https://openalex.org/W2064551296","https://openalex.org/W2253329530","https://openalex.org/W7098367034","https://openalex.org/W1814561504"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"\\n":[1],"\\nThe":[2],"hepatitis":[3,42,55],"B":[4,43,56],"virus":[5,263],"(HBV)":[6],"is":[7,49,105,142,179,202,223,233,249,253,323],"one":[8],"of":[9,20,52,102,200,294,306,316,320,345],"the":[10,18,41,50,71,122,130,151,224,237,258,262,265,283,295,304,343],"smallest":[11],"enveloped":[12],"double-stranded":[13],"DNA":[14,275],"viruses,":[15],"belonging":[16],"to":[17,170,187,204,292,325,336,342],"family":[19],"hepadnaviridae.":[21],"HBV":[22,147,178,230,232,252,338],"replicates":[23],"via":[24],"an":[25,165,337],"RNA":[26],"intermediate":[27,125],"and":[28,32,120,124,135,183,195,264,303,310,318,349],"causes":[29],"both":[30],"acute":[31,166,353],"chronic":[33,54,168],"hepatitis.":[34],"The":[35,100,137,197],"Australia":[36],"antigen,":[37],"now":[38],"known":[39,270],"as":[40,114,192,239,271],"surface":[44],"antigen":[45],"(HBsAg)":[46],"\u2013":[47,59,93,127,268,277],"which":[48,68,297],"hallmark":[51],"a":[53,242],"(CHB)":[57],"infection":[58,104,169],"was":[60],"discovered":[61],"by":[62,176,181,261],"Dr.":[63],"Baruch":[64],"Samuel":[65],"Blumberg,":[66],"for":[67,153,229,245],"he":[69],"received":[70],"Nobel":[72],"prize":[73],"in":[74,76,85,109,115,121,129,139,208,236,299],"Medicine":[75],"1976.":[77],"Approximately":[78],"2":[79],"billion":[80],"people":[81,96,171],"worldwide":[82],"have":[83,279],"been":[84],"contact":[86],"with":[87],"HBV.":[88,354],"Of":[89],"these,":[90],"circa":[91],"240":[92],"400":[94],"million":[95],"are":[97,173],"chronically":[98],"infected.":[99],"prevalence":[101,138],"CHB":[103,326,346],"high":[106],"(>":[107],"8%)":[108],"resource":[110],"poor":[111],"countries,":[112],"such":[113,191],"East":[116],"Asia,":[117],"sub-Saharan":[118],"Africa,":[119],"Amazon,":[123],"(2":[126],"7%)":[128],"Mediterranean":[131],"basin,":[132],"Eastern":[133],"Europe":[134],"Russia.":[136],"Western":[140],"countries":[141],"low":[143],"(less":[144],"than":[145],"2%).":[146],"can":[148],"survive":[149],"outside":[150],"body":[152,189],"at":[154,288],"least":[155],"7":[156],"days.":[157],"During":[158],"this":[159],"period,":[160],"it":[161,240],"may":[162,278],"still":[163],"cause":[164],"or":[167],"who":[172],"not":[174,254],"protected":[175],"vaccination.":[177],"transmitted":[180],"percutaneous":[182],"mucous":[184],"membrane":[185],"exposure":[186],"infected":[188,289],"fluids":[190],"serum,":[193],"saliva":[194],"semen.":[196],"major":[198],"route":[199],"transmission":[201],"thought":[203,250],"be":[205],"vertical,":[206],"especially":[207],"high-endemic":[209],"areas.":[210],"Also":[211],"horizontal":[212],"infections":[213],"occur":[214],"during":[215],"early":[216],"childhood.":[217],"Among":[218],"adults,":[219],"high-risk":[220],"sexual":[221],"behavior":[222],"most":[225],"important":[226],"risk":[227],"factor":[228],"infection.":[231,327],"predominantly":[234],"found":[235],"liver":[238,300,307],"has":[241],"strong":[243],"preference":[244],"infecting":[246],"hepatocytes.":[247],"It":[248],"that":[251],"directly":[255],"cytopathic,":[256],"while":[257],"proteins":[259],"produced":[260],"viral":[266],"mini-chromosome":[267],"also":[269],"covalently":[272],"closed":[273],"circular":[274],"(cccDNA)":[276],"carcinogenic":[280],"effects.":[281],"Moreover,":[282],"host":[284],"immune":[285],"response":[286],"directed":[287],"hepatocytes":[290],"leads":[291],"inflammation":[293],"liver,":[296],"results":[298],"damage,":[301],"fibrosis,":[302],"development":[305],"cirrhosis,":[308],"decompensation":[309],"hepatocellular":[311],"carcinoma":[312],"(HCC).":[313],"Overall,":[314],"30%":[315],"cirrhosis":[317],"53%":[319],"all":[321],"HCC":[322],"attributable":[324],"Worldwide,":[328],"approximately":[329],"780.000":[330],"patients":[331],"die":[332],"each":[333],"year":[334],"due":[335,341],"infection:":[339],"650.000":[340],"sequelae":[344],"(cirrhosis,":[347],"HCC)":[348],"another":[350],"130.000":[351],"from":[352]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}