{"id":"https://openalex.org/W219039336","doi":null,"title":"The Cultural History of Bannerstones in the Savannah River Valley","display_name":"The Cultural History of Bannerstones in the Savannah River Valley","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W219039336","mag":"219039336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:219039336","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1407329/The_Cultural_History_of_Bannerstones_in_the_Savannah_River_Valley","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764531373","display_name":"Southeastern Archaeology","issn_l":"0734-578X","issn":["0734-578X","2168-4723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Southeastern Archaeology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063114254","display_name":"Kenneth E. Sassaman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-0775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-0775"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth E. Sassaman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5463-0775","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065203038","display_name":"Asa R. Randall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-0744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-0744"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Asa R. Randall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5444-0744","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.07495276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"196","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13831","display_name":"Archaeological and Geological Studies","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13831","display_name":"Archaeological and Geological Studies","score":0.7515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.13570000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.05079999938607216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/archaic-period","display_name":"Archaic period","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spear-thrower","display_name":"spear thrower","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stone-tool-production","display_name":"stone tool production","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lithic-distribution","display_name":"lithic distribution","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southeastern-north-america","display_name":"southeastern North America","score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prehistoric-stone-tools","display_name":"prehistoric stone tools","score":0.32499998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.7819370031356812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.6508212685585022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.5320326685905457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33285361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044835","display_name":"Culture of the United States","level":2,"score":0.42850568890571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993786211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39816","display_name":"River valley","level":2,"score":0.4259060323238373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58051837","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27443","display_name":"Hunter-gatherer","level":2,"score":0.4208364486694336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.408122181892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.35913628339767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.14697006344795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:219039336","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.academia.edu/1407329/The_Cultural_History_of_Bannerstones_in_the_Savannah_River_Valley","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764531373","display_name":"Southeastern Archaeology","issn_l":"0734-578X","issn":["0734-578X","2168-4723"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","erih-plus","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Southeastern Archaeology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82444509","https://openalex.org/W566114193","https://openalex.org/W615378837","https://openalex.org/W814455899","https://openalex.org/W1233058771","https://openalex.org/W1843263991","https://openalex.org/W2087171465","https://openalex.org/W2586917469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1170094732","https://openalex.org/W845705520","https://openalex.org/W858127516","https://openalex.org/W2890303564","https://openalex.org/W1495050347","https://openalex.org/W2024662900","https://openalex.org/W7019878501","https://openalex.org/W6885091549","https://openalex.org/W2313475151","https://openalex.org/W1978193940"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,5,18,32,52,62,74,83,85,89,131,140,151,228,289,319,326,350,366,378,397,425,428,460,469,476,484,507,517,527,538,553,559,588,600],"early":[2],"twentieth":[3],"century,":[4],"late":[6],"William":[7,331],"H.":[8],"Claflin":[9,86],"Jr.":[10],"of":[11,23,44,55,82,91,100,135,139,143,185,193,217,227,308,316,368,380,396,399,471,483,509,519,537,547,556,599],"Belmont,":[12],"Massachusetts,":[13],"made":[14,329],"regular":[15],"forays":[16],"to":[17,28,296,376,386,452,466,542,575],"middle":[19,75],"Savannah":[20],"River":[21],"Valley":[22],"Georgia":[24],"and":[25,34,57,95,121,133,165,170,225,235,245,253,257,260,267,282,305,355,359,406,419,437,445,462,503,523,532,569,581,583,602,606],"South":[26],"Carolina":[27],"collect":[29],"artifacts":[30,161],"from":[31,70,325],"area":[33],"occasionally":[35],"dig":[36],"at":[37,51],"sites":[38],"such":[39,156,186],"as":[40,383],"Stallings":[41],"Island.":[42],"Most":[43],"his":[45],"artifact":[46],"collection":[47],"is":[48,318,488],"now":[49],"curated":[50],"Peabody":[53],"Museum":[54],"Archaeology":[56],"Ethnology,":[58],"Harvard":[59],"University.":[60],"Among":[61],"relatively":[63],"well":[64],"provenienced":[65],"items":[66,187],"are":[67,113,146,159,283,493,593],"140":[68],"bannerstones":[69,87,221,294,317,510,557],"several":[71],"locations":[72],"in":[73,117,130,181,195,223,278,286,302,344,349,427,459,558],"Savannah.":[76],"Informed":[77],"by":[78,115,148,330,416,455],"current":[79],"archaeological":[80],"knowledge":[81],"region,":[84],"register":[88],"history":[90],"group":[92],"formation,":[93],"interaction,":[94],"alliance":[96],"over":[97],"a":[98,176,191,215,299,374,384,494,577],"span":[99],"ca.":[101],"1,300":[102],"years":[103],"(5500-4200":[104],"cal.":[105,612],"B.P.).":[106],"During":[107],"this":[108,472],"time,":[109],"three":[110],"successive":[111],"phases":[112,125],"marked":[114],"changes":[116,129],"bannerstone":[212],"morphology,":[119],"production,":[120],"distribution.":[122],"Transitions":[123],"between":[124],"coincide":[126],"with":[127,175,288,340,475,499,597],"major":[128],"distribution":[132],"alignment":[134],"regional":[136],"populations.":[137],"Summaries":[138],"chief":[141],"features":[142],"each":[144],"phase":[145],"followed":[147],"observations":[149],"on":[150,530,552],"historical":[152],"circumstances":[153],"accounting":[154],"for":[155,388,579,590],"change.":[157],"Bannerstones":[158,492,592],"stone":[160],"that":[162],"were":[163,414,420,448,463],"pecked":[164],"polished":[166],"into":[167],"various":[168],"shapes":[169],"drilled":[171,337,443],"lengthwise":[172],"or":[173,269,321],"widthwise":[174],"hole":[177],"roughly":[178],"one":[179,536],"centimeter":[180],"diameter.":[182],"The":[183,210,313],"use":[184,482],"has":[188,511],"long":[189],"been":[190,512,550],"topic":[192],"debate":[194],"eastern":[196],"North":[197],"American":[198],"archaeology":[199],"(Baer":[200],"1921;":[201],"Knoblock":[202,521],"1939;":[203],"Kwas":[204,533],"1982;":[205],"Moorehead":[206],"1917;":[207],"Webb":[208,250,252,256,333,354,358,362],"1957).":[209,393],"term":[211,485],"itself":[213],"evokes":[214],"sense":[216],"ceremonial":[218],"importance.":[219],"Indeed,":[220],"occur":[222,277],"burials":[224],"caches":[226],"Archaic":[229,309,347,457,497,604],"period":[230],"(e.g.,":[231],"Chaflin":[232],"1931;":[233],"Charles":[234],"Buikstra":[236],"1983;":[237],"Doucette":[238],"2003;":[239],"Douglass":[240],"1882;":[241,249],"Fowler":[242],"1957;":[243],"Hassan":[244],"Farnsworth":[246],"1987;":[247],"Moore":[248],"1946;":[251],"DeJarnette":[254,356],"1942;":[255],"Haag":[258,360],"1939)":[259],"they":[261,275],"sometimes":[262],"bear":[263],"remarkable":[264],"design":[265],"qualities":[266],"exaggerated":[268],"hypertrophic":[270,479],"forms":[271,281,382],"(Sassaman":[272],"1998).":[273],"But":[274],"also":[276,372],"simple,":[279],"rough":[280],"found":[284],"broken":[285],"middens":[287],"usual":[290],"domestic":[291],"refuse.":[292],"Thus":[293],"appear":[295],"have":[297,549],"had":[298],"dual":[300],"existence":[301],"both":[303],"mundane":[314],"ritual":[306],"realms":[307],"life":[310],"(Kwas":[311],"1982).":[312],"identity":[315],"spear-thrower":[320,342],"atlatl":[322],"weight,":[323],"following":[324],"functional":[327],"inferences":[328],"S.":[332],"(1957).":[334],"Having":[335],"observed":[336],"prismoidal":[338],"stones":[339,370,444],"other":[341,446],"parts":[343],"Shell":[345],"Mound":[346],"graves":[348],"mid-South":[351],"(Webb":[352,392],"1946:221;":[353],"1942:270-286;":[357],"1939:51-58),":[361],"not":[363,609],"only":[364],"inferred":[365],"function":[367],"these":[369],"but":[371],"developed":[373],"model":[375,404],"explain":[377],"evolution":[379],"elaborate":[381],"response":[385],"demands":[387],"increased":[389],"spearthrowing":[390],"efficiency":[391],"Modern":[394],"understanding":[395],"mechanics":[398],"spear":[400,453],"throwing":[401],"undermine":[402],"Webb's":[403],"(Cotterell":[405],"Kamminga":[407],"1990:168-169).":[408],"Spear":[409],"throwers":[410,454],"without":[411],"attached":[412,451],"weights":[413],"used":[415,423,465],"hunters":[417,458],"worldwide":[418],"most":[421,595],"likely":[422],"throughout":[424],"Holocene":[426],"New":[429],"World":[430],"before":[431],"(and":[432],"perhaps":[433],"even":[434],"after)":[435],"bow":[436],"arrow":[438],"technology":[439],"appeared.":[440],"Thus,":[441],"although":[442],"media":[447],"no":[449],"doubt,":[450],"some":[456],"East,":[461],"probably":[464,607],"launch":[467],"spears,":[468],"extraneousness":[470],"attachment,":[473],"combined":[474],"otherwise":[477],"elaborate,":[478],"forms,":[480],"warrants":[481],"bannerstone,":[486],"which":[487],"what":[489],"we":[490],"favor.":[491],"uniquely":[495],"Eastern":[496],"trait":[498],"tremendous":[500],"spatial,":[501],"temporal,":[502],"formal":[504],"variation.":[505],"Documenting":[506],"variation":[508],"an":[513],"ongoing":[514],"project":[515],"since":[516],"days":[518],"Webb.":[520],"(1939)":[522],"Lutz":[524],"(2000)":[525],"assembled":[526],"largest":[528],"compendia":[529],"bannerstones,":[531],"(1981)":[534],"provided":[535],"first":[539],"analytical":[540],"approaches":[541],"address":[543],"temporal":[544],"variations.":[545],"Several":[546],"us":[548],"working":[551],"social":[554],"implications":[555],"south":[560],"Atlantic":[561],"slope":[562],"(Blessing":[563],"2006;":[564],"Sassaman":[565,568],"1996,":[566],"1998;":[567],"Randall":[570],"2004),":[571],"Bowen":[572],"(1994)":[573],"continues":[574],"amass":[576],"database":[578],"Ohio":[580],"vicinity,":[582],"Burdin":[584],"(2004)":[585],"recently":[586],"compiled":[587],"data":[589],"Kentucky.":[591],"affiliated":[594],"directly":[596],"populations":[598],"Middle":[601],"Late":[603],"periods":[605],"do":[608],"predate":[610],"8500":[611],"\u2026":[613]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-15T07:11:24.734988","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
