{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2189076529","doi":null,"title":"Carbon Footprint Analysis of Operation and Maintenance of Northern California Golf Courses","display_name":"Carbon Footprint Analysis of Operation and Maintenance of Northern California Golf Courses","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2189076529","mag":"2189076529"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2189076529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/es196/projects/2010final/ValentiA_2010.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058949481","display_name":"Alex Valenti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alex Valenti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058949481"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.8432999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12822","display_name":"Turfgrass Adaptation and Management","score":0.09220000356435776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12838","display_name":"Photovoltaic Systems and Sustainability","score":0.0066999997943639755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/golf-course","display_name":"golf courses","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbon-footprint","display_name":"carbon footprint","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operation-and-maintenance","display_name":"operation and maintenance","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-inventory","display_name":"resource inventory","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/century-model","display_name":"CENTURY model","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fertilizers","display_name":"fertilizers","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pesticides","display_name":"pesticides","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agrochemicals","display_name":"agrochemicals","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-substitution","display_name":"fuel switching","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/northern-california","display_name":"Northern California","score":0.9639999866485596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780936489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310667","display_name":"Carbon footprint","level":3,"score":0.82553631067276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6965871453285217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5184082984924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83516724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234173","display_name":"Ecological footprint","level":3,"score":0.45599669218063354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.44320008158683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.41424983739852905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.34110456705093384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20702773332595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552854447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201","display_name":"Sustainable development","level":2,"score":0.19409555196762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14155006408691406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2189076529","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://nature.berkeley.edu/classes/es196/projects/2010final/ValentiA_2010.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"},{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.7605999708175659,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"},{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95278930","https://openalex.org/W109798033","https://openalex.org/W1535028519","https://openalex.org/W1547623127","https://openalex.org/W1977535554","https://openalex.org/W2011062456","https://openalex.org/W2013378168","https://openalex.org/W2013721288","https://openalex.org/W2035161191","https://openalex.org/W2055759818","https://openalex.org/W2076422483","https://openalex.org/W2105702968","https://openalex.org/W2130023125","https://openalex.org/W2138200697","https://openalex.org/W2151163318","https://openalex.org/W2495338293"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4409391814","https://openalex.org/W3136790208","https://openalex.org/W2553537571","https://openalex.org/W2252753748","https://openalex.org/W4239567849","https://openalex.org/W2171022549","https://openalex.org/W897321432","https://openalex.org/W4408464298","https://openalex.org/W7056386173","https://openalex.org/W7206336734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Golf":[0,159],"course":[1,47,144],"operations":[2],"and":[3,7,15,50,60,96,110,217,222],"maintenance":[4],"involve":[5],"energy":[6],"resource":[8,48],"use":[9],"to":[10,31,39,81,101],"maintain":[11],"consumer":[12],"preferred":[13],"conditions":[14],"these":[16,79,90],"processes":[17],"have":[18],"an":[19,122],"associated":[20,34],"carbon":[21,69,84,104,119,134],"footprint.":[22,105],"As":[23],"with":[24,121,142,162,183],"any":[25],"anthropogenic":[26],"activity":[27],"it":[28,52],"is":[29],"important":[30],"quantify":[32],"the":[33,57,67,82,93,99,103,114],"environmental":[35],"effects":[36],"in":[37,203],"order":[38],"attain":[40],"sustainable":[41],"practices.":[42],"By":[43],"creating":[44],"a":[45,143,163,184],"golf":[46,75],"inventory":[49],"analyzing":[51],"using":[53,92],"Carnegie-Mellon\u2019s":[54],"EIO-LCA":[55],"model,":[56,59,64],"WEST":[58],"LBNL\u2019s":[61],"electrical":[62],"generation":[63],"I":[65,77,213],"determined":[66],"overall":[68],"emissions":[70,120],"of":[71,118,124,146,167,188,200],"three":[72],"Northern":[73],"California":[74],"courses.":[76],"compared":[78],"totals":[80],"potential":[83],"sequestration":[85],"from":[86],"turfgrass":[87],"growth":[88],"on":[89],"courses,":[91],"CENTURY":[94],"model":[95],"then":[97],"combined":[98],"figures":[100],"determine":[102],"Agricultural":[106],"chemicals,":[107],"predominately":[108],"fertilizers":[109],"pesticides,":[111],"accounted":[112],"for":[113],"largest":[115,154],"annual":[116,165,186],"source":[117],"average":[123,145,198],"577":[125],"MT":[126,138,148,169,190,208],"CO2e":[127,139,149,170,191,209],"yr":[128,140,150,171,192,210],"-1":[129,141,151,174,193,195,211],".":[130,152,175,196,212],"The":[131,153,176,197],"greatest":[132],"total":[133],"emission":[135],"was":[136,157,180,206],"1337":[137],"739":[147],"individual":[155,178],"footprint":[156,179,199],"Private":[158],"Club":[160],"1,":[161],"net":[164,185],"release":[166,187],"1180.5":[168],"1":[172],"acre":[173,194],"smallest":[177],"Sunnyvale":[181],"municipal,":[182],"285.9":[189],"those":[201],"courses":[202],"this":[204],"study":[205],"739.2":[207],"recommend":[214],"reduced":[215,223],"fertilization":[216],"pesticide":[218],"use,":[219],"fuel":[220],"switching,":[221]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
