{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2188926780","doi":null,"title":"A Robust Image Watermarking using Two","display_name":"A Robust Image Watermarking using Two","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2188926780","mag":"2188926780"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2188926780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5066393/5066394/05066467.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008585917","display_name":"Amir Hossein Taherinia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-4812","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-4812"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hossein Taherinia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-4812","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046563712","display_name":"Mansour Jamzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-9157","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-9157"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mansour Jamzad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9999-9157","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image-watermarking","display_name":"image watermarking","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-watermarking","display_name":"blind watermarking","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grayscale-images","display_name":"grayscale images","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"discrete cosine transform","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"spread spectrum","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pseudo-random-noise","display_name":"pseudo-random noise","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark-robustness","display_name":"watermark robustness","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imperceptibility","display_name":"imperceptibility","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg-compression-attacks","display_name":"JPEG compression attacks","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-noise-attacks","display_name":"Gaussian noise attacks","score":0.7639999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.823512077331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.8079589605331421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.7073599100112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5786844491958618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.554161787033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.546308696269989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.5011589527130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4989607334136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.46852678060531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.4213532507419586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.41177552938461304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40901240706443787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.40093329548835754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3998091220855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2188926780","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5066393/5066394/05066467.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485029172","https://openalex.org/W1493698890","https://openalex.org/W1514337436","https://openalex.org/W1517779173","https://openalex.org/W1688956150","https://openalex.org/W1977547059","https://openalex.org/W2047357910","https://openalex.org/W2053691921","https://openalex.org/W2064347257","https://openalex.org/W2083122891","https://openalex.org/W2097607941","https://openalex.org/W2111722482","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2118368685","https://openalex.org/W2123890643","https://openalex.org/W2133297827","https://openalex.org/W2133958774","https://openalex.org/W2137866167","https://openalex.org/W2139453288","https://openalex.org/W2142276208","https://openalex.org/W2150318848","https://openalex.org/W2151033921","https://openalex.org/W2151351516","https://openalex.org/W2157769502","https://openalex.org/W2171730653"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134173507","https://openalex.org/W7099422499","https://openalex.org/W2896483692","https://openalex.org/W2540027232","https://openalex.org/W2018530450","https://openalex.org/W2133256480","https://openalex.org/W7099569042","https://openalex.org/W1535640642","https://openalex.org/W2990191265","https://openalex.org/W7095826343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,107,122],"this":[1,59],"paper":[2],"we":[3,47,76],"present":[4],"a":[5,49,63],"blind":[6],"low":[7,120],"frequency":[8],"watermarking":[9],"scheme":[10],"on":[11,18,58],"gray":[12],"level":[13],"images,":[14],"which":[15],"is":[16,68,92,97,112,126],"based":[17,56],"DCT":[19,29,57],"transform":[20],"and":[21,94,155,173],"spread":[22],"spectrum":[23],"communications":[24],"technique.":[25],"We":[26,53,136],"compute":[27],"the":[28,36,41,78,82,86,103,117,130,138,141,181],"of":[30,35,44,102,115,140,171],"non":[31],"overlapping":[32],"8x8":[33],"blocks":[34],"host":[37],"image,":[38,61,84],"then":[39,62,85],"using":[40],"DC":[42],"coefficients":[43],"each":[45],"block":[46,55],"construct":[48],"low-resolution":[50],"approximation":[51,60,79,105],"image.":[52,106],"apply":[54],"pseudo":[64,88],"random":[65,89],"noise":[66,90,154],"sequence":[67,91],"added":[69],"into":[70],"its":[71,95],"high":[72,100,178],"frequencies.":[73],"For":[74],"detection,":[75],"extract":[77],"image":[80],"from":[81],"watermarked":[83,104,182],"same":[87],"generated,":[93],"correlation":[96],"computed":[98],"with":[99,159],"frequencies":[101],"our":[108,162],"method,":[109],"higher":[110,124],"robustness":[111,139],"obtained":[113],"because":[114],"embedding":[116],"watermark":[118],"in":[119,133,169],"frequency.":[121],"addition,":[123],"imperceptibility":[125],"gained":[127],"by":[128],"scattering":[129],"watermark's":[131],"bit":[132],"different":[134],"blocks.":[135],"evaluated":[137],"proposed":[142],"technique":[143],"against":[144],"many":[145],"common":[146],"attacks":[147],"such":[148],"as":[149],"JPEG":[150],"compression,":[151],"additive":[152,174],"Gaussian":[153],"median":[156],"filter.":[157],"Compared":[158],"related":[160],"works,":[161],"method":[163],"proved":[164],"to":[165],"be":[166],"highly":[167],"resistant":[168],"cases":[170],"compression":[172],"noise,":[175],"while":[176],"preserving":[177],"PSNR":[179],"for":[180],"images.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
