{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2188685002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.1.1","title":"Playing Favorites: Tax Incentives and Urban Growth in China, 1978\u20132010","display_name":"Playing Favorites: Tax Incentives and Urban Growth in China, 1978\u20132010","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2188685002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.1.1","mag":"2188685002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3368/le.92.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149285975","display_name":"Land Economics","issn_l":"0023-7639","issn":["0023-7639","1543-8325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036998160","display_name":"Jennifer Alix\u2010Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-0496","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0200-0496"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Alix-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin-Madison, #TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin-Madison, #TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110483883","display_name":"Annemarie Schneider","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annemarie Schneider","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112343788","display_name":"Na Zhao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7397,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80100276,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"92","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13473","display_name":"Economic Zones and Regional Development","score":0.9101999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13473","display_name":"Economic Zones and Regional Development","score":0.9101999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.06499999761581421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.016699999570846558,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-incentives","display_name":"tax incentives","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-distortions","display_name":"economic distortions","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-imagery","display_name":"satellite imagery","score":0.3499999940395355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8426207304000854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7786706686019897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.7313656210899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.70588618516922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77265313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879844","display_name":"Rest (music)","level":2,"score":0.5331990122795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019921246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104853310","display_name":"Differential effects","level":2,"score":0.49364030361175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.48665815591812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2644900679588318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.19453048706054688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.06345835328102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3368/le.92.1.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.1.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3368/le.92.1.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S149285975","display_name":"Land Economics","issn_l":"0023-7639","issn":["0023-7639","1543-8325"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315918","host_organization_name":"University of Wisconsin Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315918","https://openalex.org/P4310315897"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Wisconsin Press","University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Land Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/606420","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/19/article/606420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:uwp:landec:v:92:y:2016:i:1:p:1-27","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://le.uwpress.org/cgi/reprint/92/1/1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.5142999887466431,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W195393940","https://openalex.org/W336080909","https://openalex.org/W609676676","https://openalex.org/W1517119764","https://openalex.org/W1517493157","https://openalex.org/W1535778627","https://openalex.org/W1601451475","https://openalex.org/W1603711173","https://openalex.org/W1781101400","https://openalex.org/W1971512483","https://openalex.org/W1971792518","https://openalex.org/W1979132028","https://openalex.org/W1982417766","https://openalex.org/W1986261119","https://openalex.org/W1987253278","https://openalex.org/W1989860397","https://openalex.org/W1992966123","https://openalex.org/W1996008837","https://openalex.org/W2000192806","https://openalex.org/W2000832898","https://openalex.org/W2006794950","https://openalex.org/W2008750634","https://openalex.org/W2010732260","https://openalex.org/W2014970225","https://openalex.org/W2023572890","https://openalex.org/W2023877532","https://openalex.org/W2031617486","https://openalex.org/W2049774033","https://openalex.org/W2055616671","https://openalex.org/W2056049054","https://openalex.org/W2070584773","https://openalex.org/W2074811097","https://openalex.org/W2095926105","https://openalex.org/W2104943794","https://openalex.org/W2107583574","https://openalex.org/W2108020892","https://openalex.org/W2111913540","https://openalex.org/W2117236870","https://openalex.org/W2119791794","https://openalex.org/W2124887732","https://openalex.org/W2136115992","https://openalex.org/W2139577967","https://openalex.org/W2145798902","https://openalex.org/W2149110555","https://openalex.org/W2155163959","https://openalex.org/W2156861904","https://openalex.org/W2162147170","https://openalex.org/W2176393473","https://openalex.org/W2792842106","https://openalex.org/W2891753394","https://openalex.org/W2892050602","https://openalex.org/W3021593216","https://openalex.org/W3025226564","https://openalex.org/W3121864359","https://openalex.org/W3122002494","https://openalex.org/W3122654628","https://openalex.org/W3123465596","https://openalex.org/W3123974754","https://openalex.org/W3124527345","https://openalex.org/W3125408726","https://openalex.org/W3215753027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097821352","https://openalex.org/W4383504378","https://openalex.org/W7096024001","https://openalex.org/W3023281987","https://openalex.org/W2119791794","https://openalex.org/W7097107221","https://openalex.org/W2969342238","https://openalex.org/W4406506177","https://openalex.org/W2781510064","https://openalex.org/W2394212233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examines":[2],"whether":[3],"locationally":[4],"preferential":[5],"tax":[6],"incentives":[7],"for":[8],"firms":[9],"encourage":[10,72],"differential":[11,73],"urban":[12],"expansion":[13],"in":[14,75,81],"China.":[15],"Using":[16],"satellite-based":[17],"data":[18],"from":[19],"1978":[20],"to":[21,30,45,56],"2009,":[22],"we":[23],"find":[24],"that":[25,37,68],"zones":[26,40],"established":[27,52],"early":[28],"tend":[29,54],"have":[31,41,57],"large":[32],"and":[33,36],"persistent":[34],"effects,":[35],"provincially":[38],"determined":[39],"little":[42],"impact":[43],"relative":[44],"those":[46],"designated":[47],"by":[48],"national":[49],"authorities.":[50],"Zones":[51],"later":[53],"only":[55],"effects":[58],"where":[59],"counties":[60],"already":[61],"had":[62],"an":[63],"export-advantageous":[64],"position.":[65],"We":[66],"conclude":[67],"such":[69],"policies":[70],"can":[71],"growth":[74],"the":[76,82,85],"presence":[77],"of":[78,84],"significant":[79],"distortions":[80,93],"rest":[83],"economy,":[86],"but":[87],"become":[88],"less":[89],"effective":[90],"as":[91],"these":[92],"are":[94],"removed.":[95],"(JEL":[96],"O18,":[97],"R58)":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}