{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2188391884","doi":null,"title":"Working Paper: Experimental Evidence on Early Intervention: The Impact of Full-day Kindergarten","display_name":"Working Paper: Experimental Evidence on Early Intervention: The Impact of Full-day Kindergarten","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2188391884","mag":"2188391884"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2188391884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://curry.virginia.edu/uploads/resourceLibrary/34_Full_Day_KG_Impact.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041921060","display_name":"Chloe R. Gibbs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-053X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-053X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chloe Gibbs","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041921060"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.033900000154972076,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/full-day-kindergarten","display_name":"full-day kindergarten","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/half-day-kindergarten","display_name":"half-day kindergarten","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-childhood-education","display_name":"early childhood education","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/literacy-skills","display_name":"literacy skills","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/achievement-gap","display_name":"achievement gap","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-students","display_name":"Hispanic students","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment effect heterogeneity","score":0.6150000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-intervention","display_name":"early intervention","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777340749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6684955","display_name":"Lottery","level":2,"score":0.5768788456916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777082460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3377398","display_name":"Early childhood","level":2,"score":0.5211141705513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5135432","display_name":"Closing (real estate)","level":2,"score":0.5111785531044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.50545334815979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.47887343168258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46392449736595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983075501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131539","display_name":"Early literacy","level":3,"score":0.43873894214630127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129410224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7291958","display_name":"Random assignment","level":2,"score":0.423128604888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.41783416271209717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178229462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472221","display_name":"Early childhood education","level":2,"score":0.41393840312957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3695386052131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3520940840244293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.20674198865890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13029909133911133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11546915769577026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10255187749862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2188391884","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://curry.virginia.edu/uploads/resourceLibrary/34_Full_Day_KG_Impact.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7390999794006348}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84667726","https://openalex.org/W213996522","https://openalex.org/W311423917","https://openalex.org/W1487214169","https://openalex.org/W1586970671","https://openalex.org/W1602251555","https://openalex.org/W1604178732","https://openalex.org/W1731306270","https://openalex.org/W1833156329","https://openalex.org/W1837190689","https://openalex.org/W1893873812","https://openalex.org/W1977534634","https://openalex.org/W1985344502","https://openalex.org/W2020190914","https://openalex.org/W2020873369","https://openalex.org/W2044961782","https://openalex.org/W2064382516","https://openalex.org/W2079872858","https://openalex.org/W2087116143","https://openalex.org/W2103479129","https://openalex.org/W2108478320","https://openalex.org/W2114256915","https://openalex.org/W2122235808","https://openalex.org/W2124222455","https://openalex.org/W2130521732","https://openalex.org/W2135730600","https://openalex.org/W2135731612","https://openalex.org/W2139564895","https://openalex.org/W2140537736","https://openalex.org/W2142705498","https://openalex.org/W2147299362","https://openalex.org/W2148685658","https://openalex.org/W2164075909","https://openalex.org/W2171013128","https://openalex.org/W2889561418","https://openalex.org/W2890543633","https://openalex.org/W2891089383","https://openalex.org/W2891129865","https://openalex.org/W3021983229","https://openalex.org/W3022419584","https://openalex.org/W3023070006","https://openalex.org/W3123143221","https://openalex.org/W3124044712","https://openalex.org/W3125864288","https://openalex.org/W3144040573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087116143","https://openalex.org/W3124044712","https://openalex.org/W1590829160","https://openalex.org/W2103479129","https://openalex.org/W2734151348","https://openalex.org/W7009786130","https://openalex.org/W7095084284","https://openalex.org/W7096275964","https://openalex.org/W2890239457","https://openalex.org/W2254644086"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Nearly":[0],"all":[1],"school-age":[2],"children":[3,99],"in":[4,17,26,31,56,184,188],"the":[5,39,72,84,87,91,124,180,190,200,240,250],"United":[6],"States":[7],"attend":[8],"kindergarten,":[9,33],"and":[10,29,41,46,141,187,253],"approximately":[11,196],"three-quarters":[12],"of":[13,28,43,54,74,86,98,199,217,226,249,262],"kindergarten":[14,66,88,101,137,160],"students":[15,64,119,133,152,194],"are":[16,154],"full-day":[18,32,107,136,263],"classrooms.":[19],"While":[20],"there":[21,34],"have":[22,174],"been":[23],"dramatic":[24],"increases":[25],"provision":[27,261],"participation":[30],"is":[35,145],"little":[36],"evidence":[37,93,234,242],"on":[38,79,95,235,243],"impact":[40,73,144,191],"cost-effectiveness":[42,212],"such":[44],"programs":[45],"policies,":[47],"particularly":[48,167],"as":[49],"compared":[50],"to":[51,65,100],"other":[52,236],"types":[53],"investments":[55],"early":[57,183,237],"childhood.":[58],"Employing":[59],"data":[60],"from":[61,220,232],"districts":[62],"assigning":[63],"settings":[67],"by":[68,151],"lottery,":[69],"I":[70,129,246],"test":[71],"full-":[75],"versus":[76,259],"half-day":[77],"assignment":[78,97,108],"students\u2019":[80],"literacy":[81,163],"skills":[82,164],"at":[83],"end":[85],"year,":[89],"generating":[90],"first":[92],"based":[94],"random":[96],"type.":[102],"The":[103],"results":[104],"indicate":[105],"that":[106,131,149],"has":[109],"a":[110,210,215],"substantial,":[111],"positive":[112,241],"effect":[113,218],"(0.31":[114],"standard":[115],"deviations)":[116],"when":[117],"comparing":[118],"across":[120],"treatment":[121,172],"conditions":[122],"within":[123],"same":[125],"school.":[126],"In":[127],"particular,":[128],"find":[130],"Hispanic":[132,193],"realize":[134],"large":[135,168],"effects":[138,173],"(0.70":[139],"s.d.),":[140],"notably":[142],"this":[143],"statistically":[146],"different":[147],"than":[148],"experienced":[150],"who":[153,158],"not":[155],"Hispanic.":[156],"Students":[157],"enter":[159],"with":[161],"low":[162],"also":[165],"experience":[166],"gains.":[169],"These":[170],"heterogeneous":[171],"implications":[175,248],"for":[176,192,255],"narrowing":[177],"or":[178],"closing":[179],"achievement":[181],"gap":[182],"formal":[185],"schooling,":[186],"fact":[189],"constitutes":[195],"70":[197],"percent":[198],"control":[201],"group\u2019s":[202],"end-of-kindergarten":[203],"ethnicity":[204],"gap.":[205],"Using":[206],"rough":[207],"cost":[208],"measures,":[209],"simple":[211],"analysis":[213],"suggests":[214],"range":[216],"sizes":[219],"0.07\u20130.20":[221],"s.d.":[222],"per":[223],"thousand":[224],"dollars":[225],"spending,":[227],"which":[228],"exceeds":[229],"similar":[230],"calculations":[231],"experimental":[233],"investments.":[238],"Given":[239],"program":[244],"effects,":[245],"discuss":[247],"study":[251],"design":[252],"findings":[254],"policy,":[256],"including":[257],"targeted":[258],"universal":[260],"kindergarten.":[264],"EdPolicyWorks":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}