{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2188376126","doi":null,"title":"The Undetectable Difference: An Experimental Look at the \u2018Problem\u2019 of p-Values","display_name":"The Undetectable Difference: An Experimental Look at the \u2018Problem\u2019 of p-Values","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2188376126","mag":"2188376126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/GOOTUD","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/GOOTUD","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/GOOTUD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/GOOTUD.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007112969","display_name":"William M. Goodman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William M. Goodman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007112969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2564,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59742874,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.5785999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10243","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference","score":0.5785999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.14920000731945038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11875","display_name":"Statistics Education and Methodologies","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p-values","display_name":"p-values","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/null-hypothesis-significance-testing","display_name":"null hypothesis significance testing","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidence-intervals","display_name":"confidence intervals","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-analysis","display_name":"power analysis","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling-simulation","display_name":"resampling simulation","score":0.5979999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-inference","display_name":"statistical inference","score":0.38199999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.695166289806366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191988596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628374","display_name":"Null hypothesis","level":2,"score":0.6238435506820679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.5697441697120667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5694308876991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5446270704269409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.535051703453064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.5331650972366333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5239149332046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44036329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253255","display_name":"p-value","level":3,"score":0.5126751661300659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.49102783203125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4300094246864319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4244346022605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.20271986722946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.09976214170455933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.08598250150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/GOOTUD","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/GOOTUD","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/GOOTUD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:philarchive.org/rec/GOOTUD","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philarchive.org/rec/GOOTUD","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:2188376126","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/GOOTUD.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:philpapers.org/rec/GOOTUD","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://philpapers.org/rec/GOOTUD","pdf_url":"https://philpapers.org/archive/GOOTUD.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402130","display_name":"PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2188376126.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2188376126.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W331455060","https://openalex.org/W1536584388","https://openalex.org/W1963603753","https://openalex.org/W1967485420","https://openalex.org/W1969866530","https://openalex.org/W1972545868","https://openalex.org/W1987704772","https://openalex.org/W1990345581","https://openalex.org/W1993725118","https://openalex.org/W1996440509","https://openalex.org/W2021916581","https://openalex.org/W2023325063","https://openalex.org/W2030346622","https://openalex.org/W2038550307","https://openalex.org/W2039018341","https://openalex.org/W2044826543","https://openalex.org/W2079297380","https://openalex.org/W2082309784","https://openalex.org/W2085137804","https://openalex.org/W2093678438","https://openalex.org/W2104162921","https://openalex.org/W2114584570","https://openalex.org/W2125590628","https://openalex.org/W2128585330","https://openalex.org/W2164544914","https://openalex.org/W2188887812","https://openalex.org/W2254057084","https://openalex.org/W2346832851","https://openalex.org/W2587771393","https://openalex.org/W6988119884"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097190799","https://openalex.org/W2963640435","https://openalex.org/W2921093091","https://openalex.org/W1852533542","https://openalex.org/W2954974953","https://openalex.org/W3003229662","https://openalex.org/W2002362785","https://openalex.org/W7096275136","https://openalex.org/W280850846","https://openalex.org/W2520715687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,26,89,119,135,142,159,163,174,181,184],"face":[2],"of":[3,88,153,173,183],"continuing":[4],"assumptions":[5],"by":[6],"many":[7],"scientists":[8],"and":[9,99,139],"journal":[10],"editors":[11],"that":[12,37,46,176],"p-values":[13],"provide":[14,62],"a":[15,47,59,63,71,74,102,114,148,170],"gold":[16],"standard":[17,94,103],"for":[18,105],"inference,":[19],"counter":[20],"warnings":[21],"are":[22,110],"published":[23],"periodically.":[24],"But":[25],"core":[27],"problem":[28],"is":[29,39,55,95,100,121,145,178],"not":[30,101,168],"with":[31,91,131],"p-values,":[32,138],"per":[33],"se.":[34],"A":[35],"finding":[36],"\u201cp-value":[38],"less":[40],"than":[41],"\u03b1\u201d":[42],"could":[43],"merely":[44,122],"signal":[45],"critical":[48],"value":[49],"has":[50],"been":[51],"exceeded.":[52],"The":[53],"question":[54],"why,":[56],"when":[57,69],"estimating":[58],"parameter,":[60],"we":[61,80,109],"range":[64,152],"(a":[65],"confidence":[66],"interval),":[67],"but":[68],"testing":[70],"hypothesis":[72,116,144],"about":[73],"parameter":[75,90],"(e.g.":[76],"\u00b5":[77],"=":[78],"x)":[79],"proceed":[81],"as":[82,147],"if":[83,118,141],"\u201c=\u201d":[84],"entails":[85],"exact":[86],"equality":[87],"x.":[92],"That":[93],"hard":[96],"to":[97,112,161],"meet,":[98],"expected":[104],"power":[106],"calculations,":[107],"where":[108],"satisfied":[111],"reject":[113],"null":[115,143],"H0":[117,177],"result":[120],"\u201cdetectably\u201d":[123],"different":[124],"from":[125],"(exact)":[126],"H0.":[127],"This":[128],"paper":[129],"explores,":[130],"resampling":[132],"(simulation)":[133],"methods,":[134],"impacts":[136],"on":[137],"alternatives,":[140],"defined":[146],"thick":[149],"or":[150,166],"thin":[151],"values.":[154],"It":[155],"also":[156],"examines,":[157],"empirically,":[158],"extent":[160],"which":[162],"p-value":[164],"may":[165,167],"be":[169],"good":[171],"predictor":[172],"probability":[175],"true,":[179],"given":[180],"distribution":[182],"data.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}