{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2188015618","doi":null,"title":"WHEN TO START HIV TREATMENT: EVIDENCE FROM A QUASI-EXPERIMENT","display_name":"WHEN TO START HIV TREATMENT: EVIDENCE FROM A QUASI-EXPERIMENT","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2188015618","mag":"2188015618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2188015618","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://sites.bu.edu/neudc/files/2014/10/paper_396.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039166958","display_name":"Jacob H. Bor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8536","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8536"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Bor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston Univ"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-8536","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039166958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10845","display_name":"Advanced Causal Inference Techniques","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv","display_name":"HIV","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-treatment-initiation","display_name":"early treatment initiation","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-cell-count-thresholds","display_name":"CD4 cell count thresholds","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-eligibility","display_name":"treatment eligibility","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival","display_name":"survival","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regression-discontinuity-design","display_name":"regression discontinuity design","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexible-parametric-survival-models","display_name":"flexible parametric survival models","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-heterogeneity","display_name":"treatment effect heterogeneity","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-function","display_name":"immune function","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-south-africa","display_name":"rural South Africa","score":0.8130000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6768587827682495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10515644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543310","display_name":"Survival analysis","level":2,"score":0.5580814480781555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137668524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189813","display_name":"Censoring (clinical trials)","level":2,"score":0.5548961162567139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.4704170525074005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4679518938064575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42600057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915096","display_name":"Survival function","level":3,"score":0.4479404091835022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66912227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138712","display_name":"Regression discontinuity design","level":2,"score":0.4312905967235565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.42277970910072327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3535071015357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.3231567144393921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.29867053031921387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.17372581362724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2188015618","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://sites.bu.edu/neudc/files/2014/10/paper_396.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87072980","https://openalex.org/W121110429","https://openalex.org/W1543389126","https://openalex.org/W1574092316","https://openalex.org/W1581815372","https://openalex.org/W1585229448","https://openalex.org/W1735143085","https://openalex.org/W1767940945","https://openalex.org/W1975009779","https://openalex.org/W1975146800","https://openalex.org/W1979300931","https://openalex.org/W1980911127","https://openalex.org/W1993002445","https://openalex.org/W1995380235","https://openalex.org/W1998151345","https://openalex.org/W2016935967","https://openalex.org/W2027863312","https://openalex.org/W2036408211","https://openalex.org/W2043382431","https://openalex.org/W2088780245","https://openalex.org/W2102905683","https://openalex.org/W2105213363","https://openalex.org/W2108259145","https://openalex.org/W2109495812","https://openalex.org/W2115709314","https://openalex.org/W2116560165","https://openalex.org/W2119472226","https://openalex.org/W2120637537","https://openalex.org/W2121671594","https://openalex.org/W2124758339","https://openalex.org/W2128229768","https://openalex.org/W2134387566","https://openalex.org/W2135369095","https://openalex.org/W2137802459","https://openalex.org/W2138290169","https://openalex.org/W2140083708","https://openalex.org/W2141019942","https://openalex.org/W2143265231","https://openalex.org/W2145644832","https://openalex.org/W2152505869","https://openalex.org/W2154283972","https://openalex.org/W2161074723","https://openalex.org/W2256120588","https://openalex.org/W2312391515","https://openalex.org/W2318289184","https://openalex.org/W2797583072","https://openalex.org/W2942775446","https://openalex.org/W3121366158","https://openalex.org/W3121492802","https://openalex.org/W3121640685","https://openalex.org/W3122486632","https://openalex.org/W3122958054","https://openalex.org/W3123265974","https://openalex.org/W3123799203","https://openalex.org/W3124525584","https://openalex.org/W3125900386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027863312","https://openalex.org/W2768189035","https://openalex.org/W2162453648","https://openalex.org/W1601235094","https://openalex.org/W2075590664","https://openalex.org/W2557327816","https://openalex.org/W1999036612","https://openalex.org/W2264063646","https://openalex.org/W2626252181","https://openalex.org/W1606030167"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"initiation":[1],"of":[2,26,98,210],"antiretroviral":[3],"therapy":[4],"(ART)":[5],"may":[6],"improve":[7],"survival":[8,24,70,84,166],"for":[9,116,168],"people":[10],"infected":[11],"with":[12,46,118,144],"HIV.":[13],"To":[14],"date,":[15],"no":[16],"experimental":[17],"or":[18],"quasi-experimental":[19],"evidence":[20],"exists":[21],"on":[22,42,103],"the":[23,99,150],"impact":[25],"early":[27],"vs.":[28],"delayed":[29],"ART":[30,38,173,197],"in":[31,184],"sub-Saharan":[32],"Africa.":[33],"Like":[34],"many":[35],"clinical":[36,185],"therapies,":[37],"is":[39],"assigned":[40],"based":[41],"a":[43,50,57,119,145,162,208],"threshold":[44],"rule,":[45],"eligibility":[47],"determined":[48],"by":[49],"patient\u2019s":[51],"CD4+":[52,120,146,179],"cell":[53],"count":[54,121,147],"being":[55],"below":[56,123],"cut-off.":[58],"We":[59,75],"show":[60],"that":[61,113,154],"regression":[62],"discontinuity":[63],"designs":[64],"are":[65,87],"amenable":[66],"to":[67,89,135,204,216],"non-linear":[68],"and":[69,95,187],"models,":[71,85],"which":[72,86],"accommodate":[73],"censoring.":[74],"estimate":[76],"\u201cfuzzy\u201d":[77],"RD":[78],"treatment":[79,92],"effects":[80,97,160],"using":[81],"flexible":[82],"parametric":[83],"robust":[88],"unobserved":[90],"heterogeneity,":[91,94],"effect":[93],"time-varying":[96],"treatment.":[100],"Using":[101],"data":[102],"4391":[104],"HIV":[105],"patients":[106,142,169,194,206],"from":[107],"rural":[108],"South":[109],"Africa,":[110],"we":[111],"find":[112],"those":[114],"presenting":[115,143],"care":[117,202],"just":[122,148],"200":[124],"cells/\u00b5L":[125],"were":[126,190,196],"4.3%":[127],"points":[128],"(95%":[129],"CI":[130],"0.6,":[131],"8.0)":[132],"more":[133],"likely":[134],"be":[136],"alive":[137],"at":[138,156],"two":[139],"years":[140],"than":[141],"above":[149],"cut-off,":[151],"an":[152,177],"advantage":[153,167],"persisted":[155],"five":[157],"years.":[158],"These":[159],"imply":[161],"14.9%":[163],"point":[164],"two-year":[165],"who":[170,195],"actually":[171],"initiated":[172],"because":[174],"they":[175],"had":[176],"eligible":[178],"count.":[180],"Large,":[181],"persistent":[182],"gains":[183],"retention":[186],"immune":[188],"function":[189],"also":[191],"observed":[192],"among":[193],"eligible.":[198],"The":[199],"additional":[200],"medical":[201],"provided":[203],"ART-eligible":[205],"implies":[207],"cost":[209],"$1967":[211],"per":[212],"life":[213],"year":[214],"saved":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}