{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2187609338","doi":null,"title":"Using the spatial openness metric for comparative evaluation of urban environments","display_name":"Using the spatial openness metric for comparative evaluation of urban environments","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2187609338","mag":"2187609338"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2187609338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.spacesyntax.net/symposia-archive/SSS4/shortpaper_abstracts/094_Gewirtzman_Abstract.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089174418","display_name":"Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-2896","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-2896"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dafna Fisher-Gewirtzman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1260-2896","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089174418"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12188","display_name":"Architecture, Modernity, and Design","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13654","display_name":"Urban Planning and Landscape Design","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-openness","display_name":"spatial openness","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-visibility","display_name":"urban visibility","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-permeability","display_name":"urban permeability","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-layout","display_name":"spatial configuration","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-density","display_name":"perceived density","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/landscape-scenery","display_name":"landscape view","score":0.4339999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-and-private-space","display_name":"public and private space","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-morphology","display_name":"urban morphology","score":0.5299999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-quality","display_name":"environmental quality","score":0.6370000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.6365258693695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84976871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015673","display_name":"Openness to experience","level":2,"score":0.5978697538375854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123403432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q654068","display_name":"Visibility","level":2,"score":0.5547887086868286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5426786541938782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.5014126300811768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42106562852859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.410258948802948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.36595332622528076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3228073716163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3075956106185913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1936122477054596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14848387241363525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2187609338","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.spacesyntax.net/symposia-archive/SSS4/shortpaper_abstracts/094_Gewirtzman_Abstract.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035283232","https://openalex.org/W2054837909","https://openalex.org/W2092291476","https://openalex.org/W2149041888"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099017214","https://openalex.org/W2095007475","https://openalex.org/W1970020962","https://openalex.org/W1995276616","https://openalex.org/W4402523756","https://openalex.org/W2371718132","https://openalex.org/W3008925907","https://openalex.org/W4220830541","https://openalex.org/W2059738189","https://openalex.org/W2052133213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,77,291],"paper":[1],"reports":[2],"on":[3,250,329],"a":[4,73,100,184,190,239,319],"comparative":[5,168,179],"evaluation":[6,272],"of":[7,21,63,82,107,118,127,153,160,187,227,238,242,253,263,273,315,323],"four":[8],"selected":[9,24],"case":[10,25],"studies":[11,26],"using":[12],"the":[13,69,80,83,91,125,135,140,149,158,178,207,216,228,236,251,265,269,298,302,308,313,324,330],"\u2018Spatial":[14,95],"Openness\u2019":[15,96],"tool":[16,86,267,293],"in":[17,35,40,90,105,171,215,244,281,305],"its":[18,212,232,260,327],"present":[19,261],"stage":[20,262],"development.":[22],"The":[23,94,122],"are":[27,52,175],"urban":[28,45,55,92],"developments":[29],"including":[30],"public":[31,299],"and":[32,47,57,112,151,156,211,247,271,277,284,311,326],"private":[33,309],"spaces":[34,310],"diferent":[36],"spatial":[37,110,120,154,162,173,275],"configurations,":[38],"located":[39],"different":[41,161],"landscapes":[42,317],"having":[43],"similar":[44,48],"densities":[46],"ground":[49],"area.":[50,93],"They":[51],"surrounded":[53],"by":[54,231],"development":[56,264],"have":[58],"at":[59],"least":[60],"one":[61],"direction":[62],"attractive":[64],"view":[65,67,132,325],"(a":[66],"to":[68,72,139,307],"sea":[70],"or":[71],"green":[74],"open":[75],"space).":[76],"work":[78,165],"demonstrates":[79],"use":[81,214,237],"computerized":[84],"\u2018SOI\u2019":[85],"for":[87,116,205,256,287,318],"evaluating":[88],"visibility":[89,150],"(SO)":[97],"index":[98,102],"is":[99],"quantitative":[101],"-":[103],"expressed":[104],"terms":[106],"3-D":[108,203],"visual":[109],"information":[111],"can":[113,146,278,294],"be":[114,279],"used":[115],"comparison":[117],"optional":[119],"configurations.":[121,163,290],"SOI":[123,188,233,266,296],"represents":[124],"volume":[126],"space":[128,141],"potentially":[129],"observed":[130],"from":[131,297],"points":[133],"inside":[134],"buildings":[136],"looking":[137],"out":[138],"around.":[142],"Thus,":[143],"this":[144],"metric":[145,292],"consciously":[147],"explore":[148],"permeability":[152],"configurations":[155,174,276],"enables":[157,268,312],"ranking":[159],"Previous":[164],"showed":[166],"that":[167,183],"SO":[169,208],"measurements":[170],"alternative":[172],"correlated":[176],"with":[177],"perceived":[180,192],"density":[181,193],"so":[182],"higher":[185],"value":[186,234],"indicates":[189],"lower":[191],"(Fisher-Gewirtzman,":[194],"1998,":[195],"Fisher":[196],"Gewirtzman":[197,222,334],"et":[198,223,335],"al,":[199,224,336],"2002c).":[200,337],"A":[201],"feasible":[202],"method":[204],"measuring":[206],"was":[209,219],"presented":[210],"potential":[213],"design":[217],"process":[218],"demonstrated":[220],"(Fisher":[221,333],"2002a).":[225],"Analysis":[226],"three-dimensional":[229],"built-environments":[230],"demands":[235],"substantial":[240],"amount":[241],"data":[243],"complex":[245,274],"calculations":[246],"therefore":[248],"depends":[249],"availability":[252],"computer":[254],"programs":[255],"automated":[257],"calculations.":[258],"In":[259],"analysis":[270],"helpful":[280],"identifying":[282],"morphological":[283],"typological":[285],"principles":[286],"creating":[288],"spacious":[289],"calculate":[295],"domain":[300],"(from":[301],"in-between":[303],"spaces)":[304],"addition":[306],"simulation":[314],"weighted":[316],"more":[320],"realistic":[321],"estimation":[322],"impact":[328],"environmental":[331],"quality.":[332]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}