{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2187546883","doi":null,"title":"Realism without Reductionism: Toward an Ecologically Embedded Sociology","display_name":"Realism without Reductionism: Toward an Ecologically Embedded Sociology","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2187546883","mag":"2187546883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.465.4559","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.465.4559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ww.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her121/carolan.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063717295","display_name":"Michael Carolan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2691-0454","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2691-0454"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael Carolan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2691-0454","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063717295"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97664163,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12953","display_name":"Critical Realism in Sociology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12953","display_name":"Critical Realism in Sociology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12231","display_name":"Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-realism","display_name":"critical realism","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roy-bhaskar","display_name":"Roy Bhaskar","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-reductionism","display_name":"biological reductionism","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-sociology","display_name":"ecological sociology","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-constructionism","display_name":"social constructionism","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discourse-theory","display_name":"discourse theory","score":0.9049999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173366509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206829","display_name":"Reductionism","level":2,"score":0.8784357309341431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.703484833240509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29717899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483466","display_name":"Critical realism (philosophy of perception)","level":3,"score":0.6815473437309265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778757428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250464","display_name":"Realm","level":2,"score":0.6702911257743835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.5894777178764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.5695421695709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.259019672870636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.465.4559","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.465.4559","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ww.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her121/carolan.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2187546883","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her121/carolan.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":194,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44777591","https://openalex.org/W54333502","https://openalex.org/W67223387","https://openalex.org/W95189375","https://openalex.org/W101930028","https://openalex.org/W189953439","https://openalex.org/W199313025","https://openalex.org/W567146501","https://openalex.org/W577152824","https://openalex.org/W586593618","https://openalex.org/W624708358","https://openalex.org/W630288139","https://openalex.org/W635851146","https://openalex.org/W642097335","https://openalex.org/W648075368","https://openalex.org/W1482804769","https://openalex.org/W1486843241","https://openalex.org/W1487785277","https://openalex.org/W1505563434","https://openalex.org/W1511037198","https://openalex.org/W1524575806","https://openalex.org/W1530804687","https://openalex.org/W1530872731","https://openalex.org/W1534103577","https://openalex.org/W1548364129","https://openalex.org/W1548931979","https://openalex.org/W1549850749","https://openalex.org/W1550713517","https://openalex.org/W1558305536","https://openalex.org/W1560778275","https://openalex.org/W1569521811","https://openalex.org/W1575338341","https://openalex.org/W1578072956","https://openalex.org/W1581387623","https://openalex.org/W1588433000","https://openalex.org/W1597750586","https://openalex.org/W1601558686","https://openalex.org/W1811781384","https://openalex.org/W1872053182","https://openalex.org/W1883721184","https://openalex.org/W1943122965","https://openalex.org/W1967541354","https://openalex.org/W1969014090","https://openalex.org/W1971843495","https://openalex.org/W1978834317","https://openalex.org/W1978981002","https://openalex.org/W1979625382","https://openalex.org/W1981158137","https://openalex.org/W1982711180","https://openalex.org/W1982711485","https://openalex.org/W1983188187","https://openalex.org/W1986697561","https://openalex.org/W1987364429","https://openalex.org/W1988445849","https://openalex.org/W1989083219","https://openalex.org/W1989909368","https://openalex.org/W1993467165","https://openalex.org/W1993484761","https://openalex.org/W1996569298","https://openalex.org/W2000007266","https://openalex.org/W2000009285","https://openalex.org/W2000138195","https://openalex.org/W2001752391","https://openalex.org/W2002378915","https://openalex.org/W2002453077","https://openalex.org/W2003197447","https://openalex.org/W2004398393","https://openalex.org/W2004808299","https://openalex.org/W2005525239","https://openalex.org/W2006759735","https://openalex.org/W2007403982","https://openalex.org/W2008520144","https://openalex.org/W2010206128","https://openalex.org/W2011855658","https://openalex.org/W2012458068","https://openalex.org/W2012953063","https://openalex.org/W2019248034","https://openalex.org/W2020678388","https://openalex.org/W2020771799","https://openalex.org/W2022357837","https://openalex.org/W2028604472","https://openalex.org/W2029429699","https://openalex.org/W2031397167","https://openalex.org/W2031438999","https://openalex.org/W2032720525","https://openalex.org/W2033644209","https://openalex.org/W2034508937","https://openalex.org/W2038858694","https://openalex.org/W2042349004","https://openalex.org/W2045488269","https://openalex.org/W2049651445","https://openalex.org/W2050325828","https://openalex.org/W2050589337","https://openalex.org/W2051776514","https://openalex.org/W2053501256","https://openalex.org/W2053703074","https://openalex.org/W2056647894","https://openalex.org/W2056879345","https://openalex.org/W2057773971","https://openalex.org/W2059628513","https://openalex.org/W2060442865","https://openalex.org/W2060935708","https://openalex.org/W2061415243","https://openalex.org/W2062172061","https://openalex.org/W2068250825","https://openalex.org/W2068599978","https://openalex.org/W2068627607","https://openalex.org/W2069431862","https://openalex.org/W2069895764","https://openalex.org/W2070344959","https://openalex.org/W2072326761","https://openalex.org/W2073984231","https://openalex.org/W2074811565","https://openalex.org/W2076296382","https://openalex.org/W2076463191","https://openalex.org/W2077705388","https://openalex.org/W2078156559","https://openalex.org/W2081984946","https://openalex.org/W2083753914","https://openalex.org/W2085617628","https://openalex.org/W2089484915","https://openalex.org/W2090202103","https://openalex.org/W2092706174","https://openalex.org/W2097689503","https://openalex.org/W2101234667","https://openalex.org/W2103166694","https://openalex.org/W2105234509","https://openalex.org/W2110145685","https://openalex.org/W2124132331","https://openalex.org/W2124132553","https://openalex.org/W2126361310","https://openalex.org/W2126972622","https://openalex.org/W2127251305","https://openalex.org/W2127502853","https://openalex.org/W2128504679","https://openalex.org/W2129512440","https://openalex.org/W2131259854","https://openalex.org/W2133735566","https://openalex.org/W2135679398","https://openalex.org/W2142992633","https://openalex.org/W2153158119","https://openalex.org/W2154963941","https://openalex.org/W2157110918","https://openalex.org/W2159780555","https://openalex.org/W2160965647","https://openalex.org/W2162471372","https://openalex.org/W2163940743","https://openalex.org/W2164615159","https://openalex.org/W2164629055","https://openalex.org/W2166220864","https://openalex.org/W2166275210","https://openalex.org/W2166988219","https://openalex.org/W2170166728","https://openalex.org/W2181880513","https://openalex.org/W2184417308","https://openalex.org/W2226271864","https://openalex.org/W2229648099","https://openalex.org/W2313313517","https://openalex.org/W2314159489","https://openalex.org/W2314589516","https://openalex.org/W2315711176","https://openalex.org/W2317057313","https://openalex.org/W2317728426","https://openalex.org/W2321637243","https://openalex.org/W2323385789","https://openalex.org/W2323985609","https://openalex.org/W2326120129","https://openalex.org/W2330131684","https://openalex.org/W2331414649","https://openalex.org/W2333909909","https://openalex.org/W2342352258","https://openalex.org/W2482427381","https://openalex.org/W2493752877","https://openalex.org/W2506422053","https://openalex.org/W2530697758","https://openalex.org/W2624262714","https://openalex.org/W2625421674","https://openalex.org/W2753533763","https://openalex.org/W2796402607","https://openalex.org/W2798521287","https://openalex.org/W2799397665","https://openalex.org/W2890824943","https://openalex.org/W2891215035","https://openalex.org/W2906689523","https://openalex.org/W2952254298","https://openalex.org/W2955752288","https://openalex.org/W2999158853","https://openalex.org/W3005251700","https://openalex.org/W3123009469","https://openalex.org/W3134629782","https://openalex.org/W3142264321","https://openalex.org/W3144002514","https://openalex.org/W3145345180","https://openalex.org/W4243252020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7101145904","https://openalex.org/W7101054957","https://openalex.org/W2075304967","https://openalex.org/W1854125572","https://openalex.org/W7036733136","https://openalex.org/W2016274916","https://openalex.org/W4246689832","https://openalex.org/W7027596148","https://openalex.org/W2562207938","https://openalex.org/W2090115246"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Building":[0],"off":[1],"of":[2,6,15,23,35,42,49,58,72,118,124,142],"the":[3,26,40,43,56,116],"path-breaking":[4],"works":[5,19],"Roy":[7],"Bhaskar":[8],"\u2014and":[9],"in":[10,98],"particular":[11],"his":[12],"philosophical":[13],"position":[14],"critical":[16],"re-alism\u2014this":[17],"paper":[18,68,129],"toward":[20,62],"a":[21,59,122],"realignment":[22],"sociology":[24,132],"with":[25,121],"life":[27,91],"and":[28,85,109],"ecological":[29],"sciences.":[30],"Sociology":[31],"has":[32],"been":[33],"cautious":[34],"looking":[36],"too":[37],"far":[38],"into":[39],"realm":[41],"biophysical":[44],"for":[45],"causal":[46,139],"potentials":[47],"out":[48,103],"fear":[50],"that":[51,80,131],"such":[52,70],"analyses":[53],"might":[54],"mark":[55],"beginning":[57],"slippery":[60],"slope":[61],"biological":[63],"re-ductionism.":[64],"Yet,":[65],"as":[66],"this":[67,128,144],"argues,":[69],"fears":[71],"reduc-tionism":[73],"are":[74],"conceptually":[75],"misguided.":[76],"Critical":[77],"realism":[78],"argues":[79,130],"reality":[81],"is":[82],"stratified,":[83],"rooted,":[84],"emergent.":[86],"Consequent-ly,":[87],"to":[88,101,114,137],"bracket":[89],"social":[90,112],"from":[92],"those":[93,119],"levels":[94],"\u201cbeneath":[95],"\u201d":[96,111],"it\u2014or,":[97],"some":[99],"cases,":[100],"write":[102],"nature":[104],"entirely":[105],"(e.g.,":[106],"discursive":[107],"the-ory":[108],"\u201cstrong":[110],"constructionism)\u2014is":[113],"approach":[115],"study":[117],"phenomena":[120],"degree":[123],"institutionalized":[125],"blindness.":[126],"Instead,":[127],"must":[133],"open":[134],"its":[135],"doors":[136],"all":[138],"potentials,":[140],"regardless":[141],"where":[143],"search":[145],"may":[146],"lead.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}