{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2187480912","doi":null,"title":"End points in chronic heart failure clinical trials","display_name":"End points in chronic heart failure clinical trials","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2187480912","mag":"2187480912"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2187480912","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.dialogues-cvm.com/document/DCVM56_02.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764896442","display_name":"Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine","issn_l":"1272-9949","issn":["1272-9949","2608-3515"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007353842","display_name":"Inder S. Anand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-4963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-4963"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799886695","display_name":"Veterans Health Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq41471","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Inder S. Anand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine - Veteran's Administration Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-4963","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine - Veteran's Administration Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030291669","display_name":"Viorel G. Florea","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1322918889","display_name":"United States Department of Veterans Affairs","ror":"https://ror.org/05rsv9s98","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799886695","display_name":"Veterans Health Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq41471","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Viorel G. Florea","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medicine - Veteran's Administration Medical Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medicine - Veteran's Administration Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.428,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67912883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2","first_page":"81","last_page":"102"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.8974999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.09189999848604202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13381","display_name":"Heart rate and cardiovascular health","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-heart-failure","display_name":"chronic heart failure","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-endpoints","display_name":"clinical trial endpoints","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surrogate-endpoints","display_name":"surrogate endpoints","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-endpoints","display_name":"composite endpoints","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality","display_name":"mortality","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/survival","display_name":"survival","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ace-inhibitors","display_name":"ACE inhibitors","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beta-blockers","display_name":"beta-blockers","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aldosterone-receptor-blockers","display_name":"aldosterone receptor blockers","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-efficacy","display_name":"drug efficacy","score":0.5759999752044678}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8745633363723755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.695212721824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141341695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368661","display_name":"Surrogate endpoint","level":2,"score":0.6853537559509277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.5610172748565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.5389495491981506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5270944833755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987804222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5376582","display_name":"End point","level":2,"score":0.5262072682380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.47173988819122314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203092338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340863","display_name":"Clinical endpoint","level":3,"score":0.46406397223472595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.45216596126556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.4335462749004364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.21962681412696838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21433374285697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10107696056365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2187480912","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.dialogues-cvm.com/document/DCVM56_02.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764896442","display_name":"Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine","issn_l":"1272-9949","issn":["1272-9949","2608-3515"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dialogues in Cardiovascular Medicine","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":126,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W21478844","https://openalex.org/W80481722","https://openalex.org/W86665295","https://openalex.org/W139195936","https://openalex.org/W142961436","https://openalex.org/W172609984","https://openalex.org/W181336029","https://openalex.org/W1524057507","https://openalex.org/W1963698855","https://openalex.org/W1964267904","https://openalex.org/W1971240641","https://openalex.org/W1975971363","https://openalex.org/W1977085882","https://openalex.org/W1981884097","https://openalex.org/W1984193593","https://openalex.org/W1986644699","https://openalex.org/W1986817239","https://openalex.org/W1987154372","https://openalex.org/W1988232724","https://openalex.org/W1988645433","https://openalex.org/W1994316999","https://openalex.org/W1995227999","https://openalex.org/W1996162794","https://openalex.org/W1996699971","https://openalex.org/W1998567416","https://openalex.org/W2001558042","https://openalex.org/W2002889959","https://openalex.org/W2003459279","https://openalex.org/W2004114486","https://openalex.org/W2006358240","https://openalex.org/W2006971344","https://openalex.org/W2009820754","https://openalex.org/W2011394279","https://openalex.org/W2012220607","https://openalex.org/W2012574332","https://openalex.org/W2024153605","https://openalex.org/W2028139057","https://openalex.org/W2031378771","https://openalex.org/W2035667813","https://openalex.org/W2038630181","https://openalex.org/W2041290528","https://openalex.org/W2043458654","https://openalex.org/W2044591445","https://openalex.org/W2046383587","https://openalex.org/W2046665446","https://openalex.org/W2047198412","https://openalex.org/W2047605126","https://openalex.org/W2049814928","https://openalex.org/W2050833695","https://openalex.org/W2056893352","https://openalex.org/W2058209034","https://openalex.org/W2058542276","https://openalex.org/W2060568260","https://openalex.org/W2063482845","https://openalex.org/W2065624329","https://openalex.org/W2068519950","https://openalex.org/W2073186247","https://openalex.org/W2077380630","https://openalex.org/W2077870583","https://openalex.org/W2078395346","https://openalex.org/W2079194870","https://openalex.org/W2080675410","https://openalex.org/W2083818104","https://openalex.org/W2086277588","https://openalex.org/W2087846534","https://openalex.org/W2088770941","https://openalex.org/W2092022349","https://openalex.org/W2094243650","https://openalex.org/W2095097480","https://openalex.org/W2096341267","https://openalex.org/W2099178324","https://openalex.org/W2100082183","https://openalex.org/W2100767767","https://openalex.org/W2102940046","https://openalex.org/W2103701188","https://openalex.org/W2104847567","https://openalex.org/W2105014617","https://openalex.org/W2108020764","https://openalex.org/W2109051856","https://openalex.org/W2112636786","https://openalex.org/W2117259028","https://openalex.org/W2120289695","https://openalex.org/W2122844888","https://openalex.org/W2122865012","https://openalex.org/W2122984949","https://openalex.org/W2123188642","https://openalex.org/W2123515571","https://openalex.org/W2126426045","https://openalex.org/W2127125241","https://openalex.org/W2129967926","https://openalex.org/W2130907431","https://openalex.org/W2135038122","https://openalex.org/W2137403077","https://openalex.org/W2138091764","https://openalex.org/W2140023412","https://openalex.org/W2140269700","https://openalex.org/W2142434618","https://openalex.org/W2147155927","https://openalex.org/W2148855983","https://openalex.org/W2154637999","https://openalex.org/W2155400583","https://openalex.org/W2155949904","https://openalex.org/W2157973908","https://openalex.org/W2160784493","https://openalex.org/W2169560588","https://openalex.org/W2170734769","https://openalex.org/W2172151487","https://openalex.org/W2220634303","https://openalex.org/W2312388685","https://openalex.org/W2314949940","https://openalex.org/W2318480619","https://openalex.org/W2319534362","https://openalex.org/W2323458614","https://openalex.org/W2328167306","https://openalex.org/W2332287011","https://openalex.org/W2407636684","https://openalex.org/W2466400414","https://openalex.org/W2469805673","https://openalex.org/W2498474976","https://openalex.org/W2515566621","https://openalex.org/W2585382523","https://openalex.org/W2682583422","https://openalex.org/W2743140575","https://openalex.org/W3139636154","https://openalex.org/W3144706901","https://openalex.org/W4238157896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2050833695","https://openalex.org/W2415158387","https://openalex.org/W1988645433","https://openalex.org/W2592028604","https://openalex.org/W2020846776","https://openalex.org/W4413259881","https://openalex.org/W4206732464","https://openalex.org/W2075001737","https://openalex.org/W2072345235","https://openalex.org/W7100694374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Selection":[0],"of":[1,36,44,65,74,119,168,174,176,198,208,224,230,249,258,267,275,278,297,342,358],"end":[2,17,61,106,114,163,203,318],"points":[3,115,164,204],"for":[4,63,112,116,244,255,272,326],"outcomes":[5],"is":[6,53,160,285,352],"an":[7],"important":[8,59],"step":[9],"in":[10,32,77,123,205,281,295,335,339,349,361],"a":[11,124,145,183,279,345],"randomized":[12],"clinical":[13,125,152,206,237,343],"trial.":[14],"The":[15,108,265,355],"primary":[16],"point":[18,62],"defines":[19],"the":[20,41,45,57,71,93,100,117,133,169,193,199,228,231,240,247,253,256,268,273,276,340],"research":[21],"question":[22],"and":[23,47,104,140,147,172,178,195,201,233,252,310,322,330],"should":[24],"ideal":[25],"ly":[26],"be":[27],"clinically":[28,316],"relevant,":[29],"easily":[30],"ascertainable":[31],"all":[33],"patients,":[34],"capable":[35],"unbiased":[37],"assessment,":[38],"sensitive":[39],"to":[40,50,88,132,143,187,221],"hypothesized":[42],"effects":[43],"treatment,":[46,251],"inex":[48],"pensive":[49],"measure.":[51],"Mortality":[52],"currently":[54],"regarded":[55],"as":[56,303],"most":[58],"true":[60,113,200],"evaluation":[64],"new":[66,259],"heart":[67,212,217],"failure":[68,218],"drugs.":[69],"However,":[70],"diminishing":[72,356],"rates":[73,332,357],"these":[75,359],"events":[76,360],"sequential":[78],"trials":[79,238,292],"means":[80],"that":[81,161],"progressively":[82],"larger":[83],"sample":[84],"sizes":[85],"are":[86,110,136,141,220],"needed":[87],"dis":[89],"play":[90],"benefit":[91],"from":[92,324],"next":[94],"therapeutic":[95],"agent.":[96],"This":[97],"ex":[98],"plains":[99],"increasing":[101],"use":[102],"ofcompositeendpoints":[103],"surrogate":[105,162,202],"points.":[107],"latter":[109],"substitutes":[111],"purpose":[118],"comparing":[120],"specific":[121],"interventions":[122],"trial;":[126],"they":[127],"have":[128],"no":[129],"direct":[130],"importance":[131],"patient,":[134],"but":[135],"biologically":[137],"rele":[138],"vant":[139],"supposed":[142],"show":[144],"strong":[146],"consis":[148],"tent":[149],"relationship":[150],"with":[151,210,216,300,337],"benefit.":[153],"Another,":[154],"per":[155],"haps":[156],"more":[157,184],"important,":[158],"aspect":[159],"increase":[165,234],"our":[166],"understanding":[167],"disease":[170,232],"process":[171],"mechanisms":[173],"action":[175],"drugs":[177,260],"thus":[179,286],"may":[180],"help":[181],"take":[182],"enlightened":[185],"approach":[186],"man":[188],"aging":[189],"patients.":[190],"We":[191],"review":[192],"potentials":[194],"limita":[196],"tions":[197],"studies":[207],"patients":[209,299,336],"chronic":[211],"failure.":[213],"T":[214],"heprimaryobjectivesinthetreatmentofpatients":[215],"(HF)":[219],"improve":[222],"quality":[223],"life":[225],"(QoL),":[226],"delay":[227],"progression":[229],"survival.":[235],"Randomized":[236],"represent":[239],"standard":[241],"scientific":[242],"method":[243],"assess":[245],"ing":[246],"efficacy":[248,277],"any":[250],"basis":[254],"approval":[257],"by":[261],"governmental":[262],"regulatory":[263],"agencies.":[264],"selection":[266],"best":[269],"response":[270],"variables":[271],"assessment":[274],"treatment":[280],"HF":[282,298],"pa":[283],"tients":[284],"still":[287],"under":[288],"debate.":[289],"1,2":[290],"Clinical":[291],"con":[293],"ducted":[294],"thousands":[296],"such":[301],"agents":[302],"angiotensin-converting":[304],"enzyme":[305],"(ACE)":[306],"inhibitors,":[307],"\u03b2-receptor":[308],"blockers,":[309],"aldosterone":[311],"receptor":[312],"blockers":[313],"havesucceededindemonstratingincrementalbenefits":[314],"on":[315],"relevant":[317],"points,":[319],"particularly":[320],"survival":[321],"freedom":[323],"hospitalization":[325],"HF.":[327],"Although":[328],"morbidity":[329],"mortality":[331,351],"remain":[333],"substantial":[334],"HF,":[338],"setting":[341],"trials,":[344],"re":[346],"markable":[347],"reduction":[348],"all-cause":[350],"being":[353],"observed.":[354]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}