{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2187447652","doi":null,"title":"Beware, the Middle Class is being Hijacked by the World Bank!","display_name":"Beware, the Middle Class is being Hijacked by the World Bank!","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2187447652","mag":"2187447652"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2187447652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bangladeshsociology.org/1.11.2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100666429","display_name":"Md Nazrul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3965","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-4465"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Md Nazrul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-3965","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100666429"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11743","display_name":"Political Economy and Marxism","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11743","display_name":"Political Economy and Marxism","score":0.7484999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13360","display_name":"Economic and Social Issues","score":0.14830000698566437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14140","display_name":"Elite Sociology and Global Capitalism","score":0.020899999886751175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/middle-class","display_name":"middle class","score":0.9570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-bank","display_name":"World Bank","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bourgeoisie","display_name":"bourgeoisie","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/petite-bourgeoisie","display_name":"petty bourgeoisie","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-class","display_name":"working class","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marxist-class-theory","display_name":"Marxist class theory","score":0.6309999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-distinction","display_name":"class distinction","score":0.4440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184386139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52090","display_name":"Bourgeoisie","level":3,"score":0.8933672308921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15553842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132603","display_name":"Proletariat","level":3,"score":0.8887665867805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11347219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75617","display_name":"Petite bourgeoisie","level":4,"score":0.7719111442565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779233565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q241588","display_name":"Middle class","level":2,"score":0.7149445414543152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170950685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191159","display_name":"Working class","level":3,"score":0.567410945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542948173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6186","display_name":"Communism","level":3,"score":0.5456798672676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207456731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660818","display_name":"League","level":2,"score":0.5207985639572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4774268567562103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.46765631437301636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.45074963569641113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.3978785574436188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3714732527732849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.32521533966064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3132726550102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.12217167019844055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.07260283827781677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.06915450096130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2187447652","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bangladeshsociology.org/1.11.2.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W166614028","https://openalex.org/W188121602","https://openalex.org/W205025832","https://openalex.org/W1490858860","https://openalex.org/W1491901647","https://openalex.org/W1498920961","https://openalex.org/W1545432046","https://openalex.org/W1577147781","https://openalex.org/W1588647349","https://openalex.org/W1590189231","https://openalex.org/W1755413195","https://openalex.org/W2139345294","https://openalex.org/W2141028849","https://openalex.org/W2141301787","https://openalex.org/W2153656501","https://openalex.org/W2321327093","https://openalex.org/W2891444912","https://openalex.org/W3121133144","https://openalex.org/W3121148136","https://openalex.org/W3122051406","https://openalex.org/W3124606745","https://openalex.org/W3124787036","https://openalex.org/W4254441708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232047564","https://openalex.org/W1506857108","https://openalex.org/W7053836887","https://openalex.org/W7029744884","https://openalex.org/W2490477402","https://openalex.org/W572782339","https://openalex.org/W4253799733","https://openalex.org/W2796492958","https://openalex.org/W2496837368","https://openalex.org/W4385979449"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interestingly,":[0],"however,":[1],"the":[2,8,12,17,43,45,68,72,76,79,90,98,103],"middle":[3,73,99],"class":[4,92],"of":[5,11,30,71,82,89],"today":[6,93],"was":[7,78],"historical":[9],"\u201cbourgeoisie\u201d":[10],"Marx\u2019s":[13],"conception":[14],"and":[15,42,85],"later":[16],"petty":[18],"bourgeoisie,":[19,22],"meaning":[20],"small":[21,23],"owners,":[24],"lower":[25],"level":[26],"managers":[27],"or":[28],"supervisors":[29],"production":[31],"(see":[32],"for":[33],"a":[34,64,87],"concise":[35],"definition:":[36],"Communist":[37],"League":[38],"\u2013":[39],"Britain":[40,57],"n.d.),":[41],"term":[44],"\u201cbourgeois\u201d":[46],"continues":[47],"to":[48],"be":[49],"used":[50],"in":[51,56,63,102],"many":[52],"European":[53],"countries,":[54],"including":[55],"(Daley":[58],"n.d.)":[59],",":[60],"albeit,":[61],"sometimes":[62],"derogatory":[65],"manner,":[66],"reflecting":[67],"same":[69],"notion":[70],"class.":[74],"Similarly":[75],"\u201cproletariat\u201d":[77],"\u201cworking":[80],"class\u201d":[81],"those":[83],"days":[84],"again":[86],"section":[88],"working":[91],"is":[94],"often":[95],"merged":[96],"with":[97],"class,":[100],"as":[101],"USA,":[104],"thus":[105],"blurring":[106],"all":[107],"distinctions":[108],"between":[109]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}