{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2187214376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","title":"Cytokinin and Ethephon Affect Crop Load, Shoot Growth, and Nutrient Concentration of `Empire' Apple Trees","display_name":"Cytokinin and Ethephon Affect Crop Load, Shoot Growth, and Nutrient Concentration of `Empire' Apple Trees","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2187214376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","mag":"2187214376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/28/10/article-p1011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/28/10/article-p1011.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000636880","display_name":"D.C. Elfving","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.C. Elfving","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Box 7000, Vineland Station, Ont. L0R 2E0, Canada","Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State Univ., 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Box 7000, Vineland Station, Ont. L0R 2E0, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State Univ., 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067429027","display_name":"Robert A. Cline","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R.A. Cline","raw_affiliation_strings":["Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Box 7000, Vineland Station, Ont. L0R 2E0, Canada","Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State Univ., 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Horticultural Research Institute of Ontario, Box 7000, Vineland Station, Ont. L0R 2E0, Canada","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Washington State Univ., 1100 N. Western Ave., Wenatchee, WA 98801","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"],"apc_list":{"value":3000,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3000},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9806,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84841289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"10","first_page":"1011","last_page":"1014"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10473","display_name":"Postharvest Quality and Shelf Life Management","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12834","display_name":"Flowering Plant Growth and Cultivation","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzyladenine","display_name":"benzyladenine","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethephon","display_name":"ethephon","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thidiazuron","display_name":"thidiazuron","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-load","display_name":"crop load","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shoot-growth","display_name":"shoot growth","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-nutrient-content","display_name":"leaf nutrient content","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-set","display_name":"fruit set","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seed-development","display_name":"seed development","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-weight","display_name":"fruit weight","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple-thinning","display_name":"apple thinning","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empire-apple","display_name":"Empire apple","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apple","display_name":"apple","score":0.8159999847412109}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780751777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209355","display_name":"Ethephon","level":4,"score":0.8921539783477783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776327621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13119823","display_name":"Flesh","level":2,"score":0.6996301412582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777742739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46299","display_name":"Rosaceae","level":2,"score":0.6909290552139282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780369116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422032","display_name":"Cytokinin","level":4,"score":0.6742392182350159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.6658461093902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777306635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104819","display_name":"Malus","level":2,"score":0.6462430953979492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21410773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220869","display_name":"Shoot","level":2,"score":0.5871973037719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.5512328743934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.46437492966651917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781353100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266974","display_name":"Thinning","level":2,"score":0.43432164192199707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.42713743448257446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.40770113468170166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.37862691283226013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.3392747640609741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207778908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190022","display_name":"Auxin","level":3,"score":0.1645224690437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151313","display_name":"Ethylene","level":3,"score":0.0918608009815216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/28/10/article-p1011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.28.10.1011","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/hortsci/28/10/article-p1011.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183652945","display_name":"HortScience","issn_l":"0018-5345","issn":["0018-5345","2327-9834"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"HortScience","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2187214376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2187214376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60717180","https://openalex.org/W123001487","https://openalex.org/W313917414","https://openalex.org/W951005037","https://openalex.org/W1518740120","https://openalex.org/W1893595699","https://openalex.org/W2086251298","https://openalex.org/W2087146215","https://openalex.org/W2116697066","https://openalex.org/W2138768823","https://openalex.org/W2139551299","https://openalex.org/W2153768192","https://openalex.org/W2188998819","https://openalex.org/W2267054259","https://openalex.org/W2313756198","https://openalex.org/W2324472873","https://openalex.org/W2327337725","https://openalex.org/W2327923427","https://openalex.org/W2332007345","https://openalex.org/W2466751151","https://openalex.org/W2469055649","https://openalex.org/W2476681399","https://openalex.org/W2511743624","https://openalex.org/W2589755963","https://openalex.org/W3186183221","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4289842265","https://openalex.org/W4289843469","https://openalex.org/W4312398516"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188998819","https://openalex.org/W2114375638","https://openalex.org/W2584693290","https://openalex.org/W2241377127","https://openalex.org/W2911615097","https://openalex.org/W2342517485","https://openalex.org/W2139551299","https://openalex.org/W2067730743","https://openalex.org/W2526084079","https://openalex.org/W2228052984"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Benzyladenine":[0],"(BA)":[1],"applied":[2,36],"postbloom":[3],"at":[4,27],"125":[5,30],"and":[6,29,110,129,137],"250":[7,39],"mg\u00b7liter":[8,31,40],"-1":[9,32,41],"thinned":[10,22,63,127],"`Empire'":[11],"apple":[12],"(Malus":[13],"domestica":[14],"Borkh.)":[15],"trees":[16],"below":[17],"commercial":[18],"crop":[19],"levels":[20],"but":[21,81,102],"less":[23],"than":[24],"thidiazuron":[25],"(THI)":[26],"62":[28],".":[33],"Ethephon":[34],"(ETH)":[35],"up":[37],"to":[38,118],"reduced":[42],"fruit":[43,72,100],"set":[44],"only":[45],"slightly.":[46],"When":[47],"BA":[48,59,65,86,109],"was":[49,54,76,82],"tank-mixed":[50],"with":[51,58,97],"ETH,":[52],"thinning":[53],"the":[55],"same":[56],"as":[57],"alone.":[60],"Although":[61,125],"THI":[62,126,140],"more,":[64],"resulted":[66,141],"in":[67,71,99,133,142,146],"a":[68],"larger":[69],"increase":[70],"weight.":[73],"Seed":[74],"development":[75],"nearly":[77],"eliminated":[78],"by":[79,84],"THI,":[80],"unaffected":[83],"either":[85],"or":[87],"ETH.":[88],"Thinner":[89],"effects":[90,107,120],"on":[91,112,121],"foliar":[92,122,134],"nutrient":[93,114,123,135,148],"concentrations":[94,115,136],"were":[95,116],"associated":[96],"changes":[98,132,145],"load":[101],"not":[103],"shoot":[104],"growth.":[105],"The":[106],"of":[108],"ETH":[111],"fruit-flesh":[113,147],"similar":[117],"their":[119],"concentrations.":[124,149],"strongly":[128],"produced":[130],"large":[131],"seed":[138],"count,":[139],"virtually":[143],"no":[144],"Chemical":[150],"names":[151],"used:":[152],"N-":[153,161],"(phenylmethyl)-1":[154],"H-":[155],"purine-6-amine":[156],"(benzyladenine);":[157],"2-chlorophosphonic":[158],"acid":[159],"(ethephon);":[160],"phenyl-":[162],"N'-":[163],"1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea":[164],"(thidiazuron).":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
