{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2187098137","doi":null,"title":"MLFMM and Ray-Based Analyses","display_name":"MLFMM and Ray-Based Analyses","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2187098137","mag":"2187098137"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2187098137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/74/32695/01532538.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111296047","display_name":"Zhiqin Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-1910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9681-1910"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqin Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ling Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-1221","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-1221"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Li","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-1221","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017650754","display_name":"Jerry R. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.R. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016448581","display_name":"Lawrence Carin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-7948","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-7948"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lawrence Carin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6277-7948","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23648705,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10739","display_name":"Electromagnetic Scattering and Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11061","display_name":"Ocean Waves and Remote Sensing","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rough-surface-scattering","display_name":"rough surface scattering","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-surface","display_name":"sea surface","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilevel-fast-multipole-algorithm","display_name":"multilevel fast multipole algorithm","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-frequency-asymptotic-methods","display_name":"high-frequency asymptotics","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-effects","display_name":"edge effects","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plane-wave-incidence","display_name":"plane wave incidence","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-scattering","display_name":"forward scattering","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-efficiency","display_name":"computational efficiency","score":0.5189999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-requirements","display_name":"memory requirements","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191486275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028","display_name":"Scattering","level":2,"score":0.6869236826896667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135115559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5437040","display_name":"Fast multipole method","level":3,"score":0.5887069702148438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106195933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7847935","display_name":"Truncation (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5086806416511536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776799497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484298","display_name":"Surface (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5064684152603149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.4543120861053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134786449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255","display_name":"Planar","level":2,"score":0.45416292548179626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.40228113532066345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.3639095723628998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.346956729888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28747355937957764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.2564347982406616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.16951149702072144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52765159","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027847","display_name":"Multipole expansion","level":2,"score":0.1551525592803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2187098137","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/74/32695/01532538.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1489096603","https://openalex.org/W1867908675","https://openalex.org/W1977162276","https://openalex.org/W2013869136","https://openalex.org/W2016892589","https://openalex.org/W2070291256","https://openalex.org/W2103084843"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028838862","https://openalex.org/W2094190316","https://openalex.org/W1929168345","https://openalex.org/W2771482191","https://openalex.org/W4402979681","https://openalex.org/W2119068939","https://openalex.org/W2104626476","https://openalex.org/W3081890621","https://openalex.org/W4402260633","https://openalex.org/W1981762221"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Several":[0],"techniques":[1,72,128],"are":[2,129,144,163],"considered":[3],"for":[4,74],"the":[5,55,67,87,98,104,111,119,122],"analysis":[6,32,156],"of":[7,40,48,66,89,113,121,157],"electromagnetic":[8,56],"scattering":[9,41,177],"from":[10,42,170,178],"rough":[11,78,123],"ocean":[12,180],"surfaces.":[13,159],"A":[14],"rigorous":[15],"Multi\u00ad":[16],"Level":[17],"Fast":[18],"Multipole":[19],"Method":[20],"(MLFMM)":[21],"iemployed,":[22],"as":[23,25,82],"well":[24],"a":[26,63,83,115],"high-frequency":[27,151],"ray-based":[28,150],"solution.":[29],"The":[30,77,141,160],"MLFMM":[31,68,142],"is":[33,60,80,100],"implemented":[34],"in":[35,86,131,137],"scalable":[36],"form,":[37],"allowing":[38],"consideration":[39],"very":[43],"large":[44,158],"surfaces":[45],"(in":[46],"excess":[47],"100,4,":[49],"x":[50],"lOOk,":[51],"where":[52],",4,":[53],"represents":[54],"wavelength).":[57],"Plane-wave":[58],"incidence":[59],"assumed,":[61],"and":[62,136],"key":[64],"aspect":[65],"study":[69],"involves":[70],"investigating":[71],"'":[73],"rough-surface":[75],"truncation.":[76],"surface":[79,99],"modeled":[81],"target":[84],"placed":[85],"presence":[88],"an":[90,148,179],"infinite":[91],"half-space":[92],"background;":[93],"to":[94,146,165,175],"minimize":[95],"edge":[96],"effects,":[97],"smoothly":[101],"tapered":[102],"into":[103],"planar":[105],"half":[106],"space.":[107],"We":[108],"also":[109],"consider":[110],"technique":[112],"employing":[114],"resistive":[116],"taper":[117],"on":[118],"edges":[120],"surface.":[124,181],"These":[125],"two":[126],"truncation":[127],"compared":[130,164],"accuracy,":[132],"memory":[133],"requirements":[134],"(RAM),":[135],"computational":[138,161],"time":[139],"(CPU).":[140],"results":[143,162],"used":[145,174],"validate":[147],"approximate":[149],"model":[152],"that":[153],"allows":[154],"rapid":[155],"measured":[166],"forward-scatteri":[167],"ng":[168],"data":[169],"scaled":[171],"laboratory":[172],"measurements,":[173],"simulate":[176]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}