{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2187092893","doi":null,"title":"Firms or Networks: In Search of the Locus of Innovation","display_name":"Firms or Networks: In Search of the Locus of Innovation","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2187092893","mag":"2187092893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2187092893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/dw2005-1633.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112136177","display_name":"Jekaterina Novikova","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jekaterina Novikova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering LTH, Lund University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112136177"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13276","display_name":"University-Industry-Government Innovation Models","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-process","display_name":"innovation process","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-theory","display_name":"network theory","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sources-of-innovation","display_name":"innovation sources","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biotechnology-industry","display_name":"biotechnology industry","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovation-policy","display_name":"innovation policy","score":0.4580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.6007850170135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5629530549049377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5486692190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4749305844306946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.337154746055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1761099100112915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2187092893","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/dw2005-1633.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.7207000255584717,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77666782","https://openalex.org/W1518732113","https://openalex.org/W1556078380","https://openalex.org/W1559505206","https://openalex.org/W1566172004","https://openalex.org/W1566344170","https://openalex.org/W1592184710","https://openalex.org/W1603595813","https://openalex.org/W1969099369","https://openalex.org/W1970326724","https://openalex.org/W1971820524","https://openalex.org/W1973459906","https://openalex.org/W1978399955","https://openalex.org/W1978687045","https://openalex.org/W1987858143","https://openalex.org/W1998637227","https://openalex.org/W2009687316","https://openalex.org/W2011297755","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2020492031","https://openalex.org/W2038500374","https://openalex.org/W2041357149","https://openalex.org/W2044904859","https://openalex.org/W2049615269","https://openalex.org/W2057681298","https://openalex.org/W2060827592","https://openalex.org/W2061977616","https://openalex.org/W2085563972","https://openalex.org/W2089402107","https://openalex.org/W2101946146","https://openalex.org/W2108964651","https://openalex.org/W2109362989","https://openalex.org/W2116295271","https://openalex.org/W2123709218","https://openalex.org/W2128449253","https://openalex.org/W2140956556","https://openalex.org/W2160449301","https://openalex.org/W2165723199","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W3122899191","https://openalex.org/W3152457815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188433686","https://openalex.org/W249110540","https://openalex.org/W1982440566","https://openalex.org/W3119300315","https://openalex.org/W133791513","https://openalex.org/W338374746","https://openalex.org/W332497395","https://openalex.org/W2718804933","https://openalex.org/W2121831385","https://openalex.org/W2613517399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,118,207],"paper":[1,119,171,208],"addresses":[2],"the":[3,6,9,18,26,41,51,55,64,67,72,76,80,83,88,97,123,127,148,161,174,184,197,200,204,215,219,222],"issue":[4],"of":[5,8,28,54,58,66,78,82,90,99,126,152,196,221],"role":[7],"firm":[10,106,201],"vs.":[11,57],"networks":[12,59,102],"in":[13,21,32,35,40,60,101,115,160,166,183,203],"innovation":[14,42,61,100,116,159],"process.":[15,62,117],"It":[16,156],"reviews":[17],"existing":[19],"theories":[20,92],"order":[22],"to":[23,50,86,94,121,132,141,147,189],"understand":[24],"where":[25],"source":[27,98],"innovations":[29],"is":[30],"located:":[31],"firms":[33,56],"or":[34,138],"networks.":[36],"The":[37,170],"on-going":[38],"debate":[39],"literature":[43],"does":[44],"not":[45,111],"provide":[46],"a":[47,105,108,112,190],"coherent":[48],"answer":[49],"relative":[52],"importance":[53],"While":[63],"proponents":[65,89],"firm-centered":[68,128],"approach":[69],"go":[70],"inside":[71],"firm\u2019s":[73,84],"organization":[74],"with":[75],"aim":[77],"capturing":[79],"determinants":[81],"capacity":[85],"innovate,":[87],"network":[91,130],"tend":[93],"search":[95],"for":[96,218],"and":[103,129,140,150,164,180,192,202,211,225,230],"consider":[104],"as":[107],"complementary":[109,137],"but":[110],"dominant":[113],"actor":[114],"aims":[120],"explore":[122],"core":[124],"assumptions":[125],"approaches,":[131],"discuss":[133],"whether":[134],"they":[135,144],"are":[136],"contrasting,":[139],"analyze":[142],"how":[143],"may":[145],"contribute":[146,188],"understanding":[149],"analysis":[151,220],"new":[153,167],"biotechnology":[154,162,168,228],"firms.":[155,169],"focuses":[157],"on":[158],"industry":[163,229],"specifically":[165],"suggests":[172],"that":[173],"balance":[175],"between":[176],"these":[177],"two":[178],"approaches":[179],"their":[181],"integration":[182],"research":[185],"design":[186],"would":[187],"fuller":[191],"more":[193],"realistic":[194],"picture":[195],"processes":[198],"within":[199],"biotech":[205],"industry.":[206],"helps":[209],"researchers":[210],"policy":[212],"makers":[213],"choose":[214],"starting":[216],"point":[217],"complex":[223],"science":[224],"technology":[226],"intensive":[227],"its":[231],"actors.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
