{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2186915460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","title":"Dispersion in cognitive functioning: Age differences over the lifespan","display_name":"Dispersion in cognitive functioning: Age differences over the lifespan","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2186915460","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","mag":"2186915460","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26618890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35508115","display_name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0165-0475","issn":["0165-0475","0168-8634","1380-3395","1744-411X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:81984","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082580205","display_name":"Nathalie Mella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9578-5012","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9578-5012"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nathalie Mella","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002413389","display_name":"Delphine Fagot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Delphine Fagot","raw_affiliation_strings":["b Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016603337","display_name":"Anik De Ribaupierre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-2471","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5084-2471"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anik de Ribaupierre","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","b Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences , University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"b Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Interdisciplinary Gerontology and Vulnerabilities, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082580205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5368,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96682253,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.017400000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intra-individual-variability","display_name":"within-person variability","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dispersion","display_name":"dispersion","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-aging","display_name":"cognitive aging","score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifespan-development","display_name":"lifespan development","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time-psychology","display_name":"reaction time (psychology)","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-memory","display_name":"working memory","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children","display_name":"children","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.9089999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adults","display_name":"young adults","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clustering","display_name":"clustering","score":0.39500001072883606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7413429617881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6224073171615601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.5918996930122375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5509275794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.5250399112701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.5216367840766907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.5116174817085266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5112807750701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134290984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141241","display_name":"Cognitive skill","level":3,"score":0.47823089361190796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185711340","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5347381","display_name":"Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance","level":3,"score":0.45955052971839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.44651687145233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119653847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327780","display_name":"Elementary cognitive task","level":3,"score":0.42934080958366394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548259974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965","display_name":"Audiology","level":1,"score":0.3788986802101135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.1650233268737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11280861496925354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07032844424247742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007206","descriptor_name":"Individuality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009483","descriptor_name":"Neuropsychological Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018709","descriptor_name":"Statistics, Nonparametric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055815","descriptor_name":"Young Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2015.1089979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35508115","display_name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology","issn_l":"0165-0475","issn":["0165-0475","0168-8634","1380-3395","1744-411X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26618890","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26618890","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:unige:81984","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:81984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1380-3395","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:81984","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:81984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1380-3395","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:unige.ch:aou:unige:81984","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:81984","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402259","display_name":"Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","host_organization_name":"University of Geneva","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 1380-3395","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2521990675","display_name":"Inter- and intraindividual variability across the lifespan","funder_award_id":"120510","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3629003028","display_name":"Inter- and intraindividual variability across the lifespan","funder_award_id":"107764","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8772729512","display_name":"Inter- and intraindividual variability across the lifespan","funder_award_id":"135410","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","funder_display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320924","display_name":"Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur F\u00f6rderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung","ror":"https://ror.org/00yjd3n13"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W649952037","https://openalex.org/W1006161360","https://openalex.org/W1438230003","https://openalex.org/W1516761232","https://openalex.org/W1575140229","https://openalex.org/W1584042714","https://openalex.org/W1850386142","https://openalex.org/W1952210616","https://openalex.org/W1964759149","https://openalex.org/W1966153573","https://openalex.org/W1968449553","https://openalex.org/W1973053309","https://openalex.org/W1978767780","https://openalex.org/W1979317856","https://openalex.org/W1979558268","https://openalex.org/W1982665255","https://openalex.org/W1994485985","https://openalex.org/W2005050854","https://openalex.org/W2008362650","https://openalex.org/W2011532375","https://openalex.org/W2012795616","https://openalex.org/W2023092959","https://openalex.org/W2029500632","https://openalex.org/W2030054443","https://openalex.org/W2032362672","https://openalex.org/W2033343038","https://openalex.org/W2042359276","https://openalex.org/W2044626166","https://openalex.org/W2046073011","https://openalex.org/W2047591608","https://openalex.org/W2051713921","https://openalex.org/W2052401826","https://openalex.org/W2059373773","https://openalex.org/W2060296912","https://openalex.org/W2067314736","https://openalex.org/W2067418713","https://openalex.org/W2067812668","https://openalex.org/W2077694638","https://openalex.org/W2084151320","https://openalex.org/W2084893698","https://openalex.org/W2086301103","https://openalex.org/W2086470246","https://openalex.org/W2087205555","https://openalex.org/W2093095199","https://openalex.org/W2093170682","https://openalex.org/W2094700917","https://openalex.org/W2096556064","https://openalex.org/W2098648129","https://openalex.org/W2115833733","https://openalex.org/W2120357670","https://openalex.org/W2127659335","https://openalex.org/W2128443648","https://openalex.org/W2136530770","https://openalex.org/W2139309233","https://openalex.org/W2142943574","https://openalex.org/W2147727504","https://openalex.org/W2149467862","https://openalex.org/W2155303128","https://openalex.org/W2156192047","https://openalex.org/W2159725247","https://openalex.org/W2160470915","https://openalex.org/W2164786320","https://openalex.org/W2335573568","https://openalex.org/W3161314971","https://openalex.org/W4229757656","https://openalex.org/W4249849638","https://openalex.org/W4301323841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897450844","https://openalex.org/W2067812668","https://openalex.org/W2790787321","https://openalex.org/W2791335329","https://openalex.org/W1982665255","https://openalex.org/W2475445222","https://openalex.org/W2096449455","https://openalex.org/W1990722975","https://openalex.org/W4390078651","https://openalex.org/W2612043572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"A":[1,44,110],"growing":[2],"body":[3],"of":[4,46,55,61,74,116,137],"research":[5],"suggests":[6],"that":[7,20,31,175],"intraindividual":[8],"variability":[9],"(IIV)":[10],"may":[11],"bring":[12],"specific":[13],"information":[14],"on":[15,29],"cognitive":[16],"functioning,":[17],"additional":[18],"to":[19],"provided":[21],"by":[22],"the":[23,41,71,144,159,183,208],"mean.":[24],"The":[25],"present":[26],"paper":[27],"focuses":[28],"dispersion,":[30],"is":[32,173,179],"IIV":[33,178],"across":[34,40,78,99],"tasks,":[35],"and":[36,60,95,122,129,163,186,193],"its":[37],"developmental":[38,108],"trend":[39],"lifespan.":[42],"METHOD:":[43],"total":[45],"557":[47],"participants":[48],"(9-89":[49],"years)":[50],"were":[51,156,166],"administered":[52],"a":[53,82,114,135,140,197],"battery":[54],"response":[56],"time":[57],"(RT)":[58],"tasks":[59,80,101,146,210],"working":[62],"memory":[63],"(WM)":[64],"tasks.":[65,75],"Dispersion":[66,77,98],"was":[67],"analyzed":[68],"separately":[69],"for":[70],"two":[72],"types":[73],"RESULTS:":[76],"RT":[79,145,209],"showed":[81],"U-shaped":[83],"age":[84],"differences":[85],"trend,":[86],"young":[87,154,201],"adults":[88,155,165,195],"being":[89],"less":[90],"variable":[91],"than":[92,200],"both":[93,169],"children":[94,162,192],"older":[96,164,194],"adults.":[97],"WM":[100],"(using":[102],"accuracy":[103],"scores)":[104],"presented":[105],"an":[106],"opposite":[107],"trend.":[109],"cluster":[111],"analysis":[112],"revealed":[113],"group":[115,136],"individuals":[117,138],"showing":[118,139],"relatively":[119,180],"little":[120],"dispersion":[121,142,199],"good":[123],"overall":[124,151],"performance":[125],"(faster":[126],"in":[127,131,143,158,168,182],"RTs":[128],"better":[130],"WM),":[132],"contrasted":[133],"with":[134],"large":[141,181],"as":[147,149,205,207],"well":[148],"poorer":[150],"performance.":[152],"All":[153],"grouped":[157],"first":[160],"cluster;":[161],"distributed":[167],"clusters.":[170],"CONCLUSION:":[171],"It":[172],"concluded":[174],"(a)":[176],"across-task":[177],"entire":[184],"sample":[185],"should":[187],"not":[188],"be":[189],"neglected,":[190],"(b)":[191],"show":[196],"larger":[198],"adults,":[202],"but":[203],"only":[204],"far":[206],"are":[211],"concerned,":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
