{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2186836718","doi":null,"title":"Cyborg Butterflies, Liminal Medicine: Thyroid Hormone Treatment, 1890-1970","display_name":"Cyborg Butterflies, Liminal Medicine: Thyroid Hormone Treatment, 1890-1970","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-05-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2186836718","mag":"2186836718"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42683","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008264929","display_name":"Alli S. Crandell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alli S. Crandell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073458831","display_name":"Bernice L. Hausman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-0405","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-0405"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernice L. Hausman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-0405","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007992381","display_name":"James H. Collier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-421X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0020-421X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James H. Collier","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109159222","display_name":"Ann F. La Berge","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann F. LaBerge","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.7250999808311462,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.08810000121593475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14275","display_name":"Historical Medical Research and Treatments","score":0.08179999887943268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyroid-hormone-replacement-therapy","display_name":"thyroid hormone replacement","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/desiccated-thyroid","display_name":"desiccated thyroid","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organotherapy","display_name":"organotherapy","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-experimentation","display_name":"animal experimentation","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/female-body","display_name":"female body","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animality","display_name":"animality","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-in-medicine","display_name":"gender and medicine","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-endocrinology","display_name":"history of endocrinology","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.6060000061988831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780668109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192852","display_name":"Opposition (politics)","level":3,"score":0.6592044234275818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.4107092022895813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3774597644805908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3766403794288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.341092586517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.3256610631942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2371234893798828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.21604347229003906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.14374187588691711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.11049830913543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/42683","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2186836718","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/handle/10919/42683","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6054126","https://openalex.org/W7960046","https://openalex.org/W85437871","https://openalex.org/W134689522","https://openalex.org/W292112127","https://openalex.org/W389894990","https://openalex.org/W587558993","https://openalex.org/W597070690","https://openalex.org/W613132851","https://openalex.org/W1480551106","https://openalex.org/W1490781083","https://openalex.org/W1523071827","https://openalex.org/W1528440731","https://openalex.org/W1539835075","https://openalex.org/W1541420706","https://openalex.org/W1549690144","https://openalex.org/W1596914413","https://openalex.org/W1605801726","https://openalex.org/W1973730535","https://openalex.org/W1973983885","https://openalex.org/W1975100497","https://openalex.org/W1975784248","https://openalex.org/W1983479341","https://openalex.org/W1987087802","https://openalex.org/W1989756260","https://openalex.org/W1997235912","https://openalex.org/W1998745607","https://openalex.org/W2000653644","https://openalex.org/W2002535182","https://openalex.org/W2003608451","https://openalex.org/W2025155825","https://openalex.org/W2028290366","https://openalex.org/W2030838698","https://openalex.org/W2034601820","https://openalex.org/W2034891851","https://openalex.org/W2035883191","https://openalex.org/W2040357664","https://openalex.org/W2041672847","https://openalex.org/W2047584372","https://openalex.org/W2052210190","https://openalex.org/W2053462528","https://openalex.org/W2053701826","https://openalex.org/W2054161925","https://openalex.org/W2056630806","https://openalex.org/W2058718894","https://openalex.org/W2069254422","https://openalex.org/W2074520263","https://openalex.org/W2076139017","https://openalex.org/W2083577329","https://openalex.org/W2085725353","https://openalex.org/W2104700534","https://openalex.org/W2106278385","https://openalex.org/W2127290117","https://openalex.org/W2137386020","https://openalex.org/W2140936682","https://openalex.org/W2143458500","https://openalex.org/W2150412795","https://openalex.org/W2151046347","https://openalex.org/W2153358544","https://openalex.org/W2193104832","https://openalex.org/W2315815607","https://openalex.org/W2324110191","https://openalex.org/W2334930053","https://openalex.org/W2346433510","https://openalex.org/W2404589397","https://openalex.org/W2415194725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969897771","https://openalex.org/W2076165225","https://openalex.org/W2960733516","https://openalex.org/W2058673530","https://openalex.org/W2217176978","https://openalex.org/W7098060416","https://openalex.org/W1970786570","https://openalex.org/W4238959287","https://openalex.org/W1996509795","https://openalex.org/W2056630806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"thesis,":[2],"I":[3,47,69],"develop":[4],"a":[5,110,124,149,164,240],"history":[6,26],"of":[7,17,34,62,82,97,127,138,151,167,190,199,211,233],"thyroid":[8],"hormone":[9],"treatment":[10],"(THT)":[11],"that":[12,129],"centers":[13],"on":[14,40],"the":[15,28,41,53,75,79,95,104,136,172,188,191,194,207,228],"bodies":[16],"animals":[18,54,200],"and":[19,23,37,55,59,93,99,156,180,196,201,215,230],"women":[20,56,202],"between":[21,31,153],"1890":[22],"1970.":[24],"This":[25,159],"contextualizes":[27],"current":[29],"debate":[30],"two":[32],"forms":[33],"THT,":[35],"desiccated":[36,185],"synthetic.":[38],"Drawing":[39],"discourses":[42],"present":[43],"in":[44,103,171,219],"biomedical":[45,204],"journals,":[46],"trace":[48],"how":[49,87],"medical":[50,90],"practitioners":[51,182],"used":[52,121],"to":[57,85,203,221,239],"demonstrate":[58,86],"make":[60],"sense":[61],"THT's":[63,213,234],"effectiveness":[64,214],"over":[65],"time.":[66],"As":[67],"such,":[68],"study":[70],"what":[71],"Catherine":[72],"Waldby":[73],"terms":[74],"\"biomedical":[76],"imaginary\"":[77],"or":[78,109,140],"speculative":[80],"fabric":[81],"scientific":[83,154,175],"thought,":[84],"an":[88,107],"\"ordinary\"":[89],"technology":[91],"crosses":[92],"reinforces":[94],"conceptions":[96],"gender":[98],"animality.":[100],"THT":[101,122,146,168,179],"emerged":[102],"1890s":[105],"as":[106,148],"organotherapy,":[108],"medicine":[111],"made":[112],"from":[113],"animal":[114,141],"organs.":[115],"Like":[116],"other":[117],"organotherapies,":[118],"general":[119,157,181],"physicians":[120],"for":[123,242],"wide":[125],"variety":[126],"ailments":[128],"had":[130],"not":[131],"been":[132],"scientifically":[133],"proven":[134],"through":[135],"practices":[137],"vivisection":[139],"experimentation.":[142],"From":[143],"its":[144],"emergence,":[145],"served":[147],"site":[150],"tension":[152,160],"researchers":[155,176],"practitioners.":[158],"only":[161],"increased":[162],"when":[163,174],"synthetic":[165,178,243],"form":[166],"was":[169],"invented":[170],"1920s,":[173],"embraced":[177],"continued":[183],"using":[184],"THT.":[186,244],"At":[187],"center":[189],"controversy":[192],"were":[193,217],"productive":[195],"subversive":[197],"relationships":[198],"meaning-making.":[205],"Over":[206],"twentieth":[208],"century,":[209],"methods":[210],"defining":[212],"purity":[216],"defined":[218],"opposition":[220],"these":[222],"bodies.":[223],"These":[224],"chemical":[225],"measures":[226],"combined":[227],"specialist":[229],"physician's":[231],"measurement":[232],"clinical":[235],"effectiveness,":[236],"which":[237],"led":[238],"preference":[241]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}