{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2186446126","doi":null,"title":"Improving automatic image annotation: Approach by Bag-Of- Key Point","display_name":"Improving automatic image annotation: Approach by Bag-Of- Key Point","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2186446126","mag":"2186446126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.402.3573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.402.3573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000029536","display_name":"Merad Boudia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merad Boudia","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031508945","display_name":"Mohamed H. Abdel-Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6040-7262","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6040-7262"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Abdel-Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6040-7262","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045291773","display_name":"Lynda Zaoui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynda Zaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029490508","display_name":"Mohamed Amine Boudiaf","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Amine Boudiaf","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2934,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60492662,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.7172999978065491,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.2824999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"automatic image annotation","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-words","display_name":"visual words","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sift-features","display_name":"SIFT features","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-descriptors","display_name":"local descriptors","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-classification","display_name":"image classification","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scene-classification","display_name":"scene classification","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-indexing","display_name":"image indexing","score":0.4359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7355729937553406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6769297122955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61265191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q767770","display_name":"Scale-invariant feature transform","level":3,"score":0.674086332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6230006217956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.5855592489242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5373797416687012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5352945923805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884747","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","level":5,"score":0.48426932096481323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.48210766911506653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.45083463191986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.44221633672714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189391414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936579","display_name":"Visual Word","level":4,"score":0.43857643008232117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4362666606903076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38397759199142456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.402.3573","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.402.3573","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2186446126","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ijcsi.org/papers/IJCSI-9-5-1-323-328.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1523306195","https://openalex.org/W1589362500","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W1999269896","https://openalex.org/W2038735287","https://openalex.org/W2107034620","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2151259137","https://openalex.org/W2154301842","https://openalex.org/W2171896402","https://openalex.org/W2177274842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096382043","https://openalex.org/W1485152674","https://openalex.org/W2996867699","https://openalex.org/W1539054241","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W2493043017","https://openalex.org/W3150451884","https://openalex.org/W2143385006","https://openalex.org/W2082807040","https://openalex.org/W7099757921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"image":[1,7,19,70],"annotation":[2],"is":[3,42],"to":[4,188,204],"associate":[5],"each":[6],"a":[8,38,56,60,72,78,89,127,190],"set":[9,73],"of":[10,17,36,47,50,59,74,82,88,106,111,140,144,164,169,175,179,184],"keywords":[11],"and":[12,138,159,207],"describing":[13],"the":[14,18,34,51,83,86,96,104,109,113,141,162,173,176,196,216],"visual":[15,90,93,114,165],"content":[16],"using":[20,77],"an":[21,69],"automatic":[22],"system":[23,39],"without":[24],"any":[25],"human":[26],"intervention,":[27],"many":[28],"approaches":[29],"have":[30,116],"been":[31,118,172],"proposed":[32,151,217],"for":[33,157],"realization":[35],"such":[37,102],"However,":[40],"it":[41],"still":[43],"inefficient":[44],"in":[45,95,121,222],"terms":[46],"semantic":[48],"description":[49],"image.":[52,97],"Recent":[53],"works":[54],"show":[55],"frequent":[57],"use":[58],"special":[61],"technique":[62],"known":[63,220],"as":[64,71,103],"bag-of-key":[65],"points":[66],"that":[67,193,215],"describes":[68],"local":[75,107],"descriptors":[76],"histogram.":[79],"Each":[80],"bin":[81],"histogram":[84],"represents":[85],"importance":[87],"pattern":[91],"(called":[92],"word)":[94],"But":[98],"crucial":[99],"representation":[100],"choices-":[101],"choice":[105],"features,":[108],"steps":[110,143],"building":[112,145],"vocabulary-":[115],"not":[117],"thoroughly":[119],"studied":[120],"existing":[122],"works.":[123],"In":[124],"this":[125,180,185],"paper,":[126],"novel":[128],"approach":[129,152],"based":[130],"on":[131],"Scale":[132],"Invariant":[133],"Features":[134],"Transform":[135],"(SIFT)":[136],"features":[137],"treatment":[139],"different":[142],"de":[146],"vocabulary":[147],"are":[148],"proposed.":[149],"The":[150,167,182],"creates":[153],"more":[154],"robust":[155],"signatures":[156],"images":[158,170],"better":[160],"reflects":[161],"weight":[163],"words.":[166],"categorization":[168],"has":[171],"subject":[174],"second":[177],"phase":[178,186],"approach.":[181],"purpose":[183],"was":[187],"find":[189],"classification":[191],"model":[192],"best":[194],"suits":[195],"index":[197],"method":[198],"proposed,":[199],"while":[200],"avoiding":[201],"problems":[202],"due":[203],"large":[205,208],"data":[206],"dimension.":[209],"Experiments":[210],"with":[211],"Corel-1000":[212],"dataset":[213],"demonstrate":[214],"improvements":[218],"outperform":[219],"techniques":[221],"scene":[223],"categorization.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
