{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2185884518","doi":null,"title":"Prior to World War II, Okinawa was an isolated island outpost in the South China Sea, and its native inhabitants lived a rural life with few or none of the trappings of industrialized societies. Extensive medical questionnaires by US physicians administered to local physicians who had practiced from 8 to 41 years revealed that, \"These people had no acne vulgaris.\"","display_name":"Prior to World War II, Okinawa was an isolated island outpost in the South China Sea, and its native inhabitants lived a rural life with few or none of the trappings of industrialized societies. Extensive medical questionnaires by US physicians administered to local physicians who had practiced from 8 to 41 years revealed that, \"These people had no acne vulgaris.\"","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2185884518","mag":"2185884518"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2185884518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/pdf/akne_17.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067331277","display_name":"Loren Cordain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loren Cordain","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113711086","display_name":"Staffan Lindeberg","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Staffan Lindeberg","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109398086","display_name":"Magdalena Hurtado","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Hurtado","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016903482","display_name":"Kim R. Hill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-0014","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-0014"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kim Hill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0655-0014","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111971801","display_name":"Stanley Boyd Eaton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Boyd Eaton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077174940","display_name":"Jennie Cecile Brand-Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-8754","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-8754"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennie Brand\u2010Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6797-8754","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11553","display_name":"Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11553","display_name":"Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10837","display_name":"Dermatology and Skin Diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12116","display_name":"Dermatological diseases and infestations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acne-vulgaris","display_name":"acne","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acne-prevalence","display_name":"acne prevalence","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-lifestyle","display_name":"rural lifestyle","score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/okinawa","display_name":"Okinawa","score":0.5419999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-disease-epidemiology","display_name":"skin disease epidemiology","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/westernization","display_name":"Westernization","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comedones","display_name":"comedones","score":0.36800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-acne","display_name":"facial acne","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928","display_name":"Acne","level":2,"score":0.9199516773223877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.5495067834854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5465034246444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5255785584449768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.49377474188804626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4752647280693054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4608108699321747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.4320516884326935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2532787024974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.149358868598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1007811427116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.06771212816238403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06276515126228333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2185884518","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://zentrum-der-gesundheit.de/pdf/akne_17.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85988172","https://openalex.org/W157110280","https://openalex.org/W160647468","https://openalex.org/W193525406","https://openalex.org/W194639418","https://openalex.org/W577289192","https://openalex.org/W1591455051","https://openalex.org/W1871344950","https://openalex.org/W1898260615","https://openalex.org/W1964594646","https://openalex.org/W1967287412","https://openalex.org/W1970049165","https://openalex.org/W1971266226","https://openalex.org/W1980432835","https://openalex.org/W1980543825","https://openalex.org/W1981761798","https://openalex.org/W1982836278","https://openalex.org/W1985489419","https://openalex.org/W1987103875","https://openalex.org/W1987895099","https://openalex.org/W1989359207","https://openalex.org/W1993463279","https://openalex.org/W1993751988","https://openalex.org/W1998459845","https://openalex.org/W2001565160","https://openalex.org/W2007210480","https://openalex.org/W2010832954","https://openalex.org/W2012318351","https://openalex.org/W2019423367","https://openalex.org/W2023674133","https://openalex.org/W2023792615","https://openalex.org/W2024527855","https://openalex.org/W2025290788","https://openalex.org/W2027454234","https://openalex.org/W2028631084","https://openalex.org/W2034517576","https://openalex.org/W2037922730","https://openalex.org/W2038385776","https://openalex.org/W2049760976","https://openalex.org/W2053401836","https://openalex.org/W2054322504","https://openalex.org/W2058374133","https://openalex.org/W2058857172","https://openalex.org/W2058883756","https://openalex.org/W2060085461","https://openalex.org/W2061003789","https://openalex.org/W2066888327","https://openalex.org/W2067444961","https://openalex.org/W2069593461","https://openalex.org/W2070522250","https://openalex.org/W2071240873","https://openalex.org/W2078416237","https://openalex.org/W2079607284","https://openalex.org/W2083434745","https://openalex.org/W2084782563","https://openalex.org/W2087387108","https://openalex.org/W2093644789","https://openalex.org/W2094108958","https://openalex.org/W2099358709","https://openalex.org/W2099768216","https://openalex.org/W2101943060","https://openalex.org/W2102811905","https://openalex.org/W2104271508","https://openalex.org/W2104494570","https://openalex.org/W2104604816","https://openalex.org/W2104663095","https://openalex.org/W2118976900","https://openalex.org/W2120057151","https://openalex.org/W2121968275","https://openalex.org/W2123038345","https://openalex.org/W2123415568","https://openalex.org/W2124479215","https://openalex.org/W2124488542","https://openalex.org/W2128958120","https://openalex.org/W2134256557","https://openalex.org/W2144083903","https://openalex.org/W2146423741","https://openalex.org/W2150477760","https://openalex.org/W2151901281","https://openalex.org/W2157109399","https://openalex.org/W2162690680","https://openalex.org/W2169021520","https://openalex.org/W2170865096","https://openalex.org/W2283950124","https://openalex.org/W2395229630","https://openalex.org/W2396741942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996798819","https://openalex.org/W2503879477","https://openalex.org/W1989359207","https://openalex.org/W1987502119","https://openalex.org/W2469979348","https://openalex.org/W4230763046","https://openalex.org/W2087278536","https://openalex.org/W4210703884","https://openalex.org/W2330835920","https://openalex.org/W7071602640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background":[0],"In":[1,20],"westernized":[2],"societies,":[3],"acne":[4,40,57,72,118,146],"vulgaris":[5],"is":[6],"a":[7],"nearly":[8],"universal":[9],"skin":[10],"disease":[11],"afflicting":[12],"79%":[13],"to":[14,29],"95%":[15],"of":[16,34,47,51,71,80,88,102,117,144],"the":[17,69,77,85,100],"adolescent":[18],"population.":[19],"men":[21],"and":[22,37,49,84],"women":[23,48],"older":[24],"than":[25],"25":[26],"years,":[27],"40%":[28],"54%":[30],"have":[31],"some":[32],"degree":[33],"facial":[35,39],"acne,":[36],"clinical":[38],"persists":[41],"into":[42],"middle":[43],"age":[44],"in":[45,63,73,95],"12%":[46],"3%":[50],"men.":[52],"Epidemiological":[53],"evidence":[54],"suggests":[55],"that":[56],"incidence":[58],"rates":[59],"are":[60],"considerably":[61],"lower":[62],"nonwesternized":[64,75,96],"societies.":[65],"Herein":[66],"we":[67,91],"report":[68],"prevalence":[70],"2":[74],"populations:":[76],"Kitavan":[78,107],"Islanders":[79],"Papua":[81],"New":[82],"Guinea":[83],"Ache":[86,131],"hunter-gatherers":[87],"Paraguay.":[89],"Additionally,":[90],"analyze":[92],"how":[93],"elements":[94],"environments":[97],"may":[98],"influence":[99],"development":[101],"acne.":[103],"Observations":[104],"Of":[105,129],"1200":[106],"subjects":[108,132],"examined":[109,133],"(including":[110,134],"300":[111],"aged":[112,136],"15-25":[113,137],"years),":[114],"no":[115,142],"case":[116,143],"(grade":[119],"1":[120],"with":[121],"multiple":[122],"comedones":[123],"or":[124],"grades":[125],"2-4)":[126],"was":[127,149],"observed.":[128,150],"115":[130],"15":[135],"years)":[138],"over":[139],"843":[140],"days,":[141],"active":[145],"(grades":[147],"1-4)":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}