{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2185767809","doi":null,"title":"Is \"Spanglish\" the third language of the South?: truth and fantasy about U. S. Spanish","display_name":"Is \"Spanglish\" the third language of the South?: truth and fantasy about U. S. Spanish","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2185767809","mag":"2185767809"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2185767809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://personal.psu.edu/jml34/spanglsh.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072380281","display_name":"John M. Lipski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-2697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-2697"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John M. Lipski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1110-2697","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spanish, Italian, and Portuguese","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072380281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.33692959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"657","last_page":"677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12341","display_name":"Spanish Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.5414999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12341","display_name":"Spanish Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.5414999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14006","display_name":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","score":0.3375999927520752,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.10189999639987946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanglish","display_name":"Spanglish","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spanish-english-bilingualism","display_name":"Spanish-English bilingualism","score":0.6340000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-contact","display_name":"language contact","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybridity","display_name":"hybridity","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/third-language","display_name":"third language","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-united-states","display_name":"Southern United States","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuban-immigrants","display_name":"Cuban immigrants","score":0.45500001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mexican-immigrants","display_name":"Mexican immigrants","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-attitudes","display_name":"language attitudes","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilingualism","display_name":"bilingualism","score":0.3190000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158886217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16799549","display_name":"Latin Americans","level":2,"score":0.5050414204597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5007421970367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781300146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140140","display_name":"Mainland","level":2,"score":0.48499318957328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.4798007309436798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.45525726675987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3893234133720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3531455993652344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.34351998567581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21110284328460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.199520081281662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.1623874306678772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.11607933044433594}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2185767809","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://personal.psu.edu/jml34/spanglsh.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22057298","https://openalex.org/W35799644","https://openalex.org/W52210303","https://openalex.org/W93078603","https://openalex.org/W128060927","https://openalex.org/W135751440","https://openalex.org/W158344203","https://openalex.org/W183897702","https://openalex.org/W382959567","https://openalex.org/W591241804","https://openalex.org/W599429336","https://openalex.org/W1479280470","https://openalex.org/W1501194572","https://openalex.org/W1559746043","https://openalex.org/W1581840746","https://openalex.org/W1582651274","https://openalex.org/W1602659612","https://openalex.org/W1970579738","https://openalex.org/W1975389882","https://openalex.org/W1981224570","https://openalex.org/W1982734309","https://openalex.org/W1983512152","https://openalex.org/W1988319572","https://openalex.org/W1990589469","https://openalex.org/W2002019621","https://openalex.org/W2004018314","https://openalex.org/W2014410914","https://openalex.org/W2022710596","https://openalex.org/W2022915208","https://openalex.org/W2048251640","https://openalex.org/W2048512899","https://openalex.org/W2057814390","https://openalex.org/W2059796506","https://openalex.org/W2075419251","https://openalex.org/W2076588413","https://openalex.org/W2077664652","https://openalex.org/W2080550848","https://openalex.org/W2081895274","https://openalex.org/W2082878809","https://openalex.org/W2083100674","https://openalex.org/W2084957543","https://openalex.org/W2085365725","https://openalex.org/W2087587744","https://openalex.org/W2088556361","https://openalex.org/W2104709414","https://openalex.org/W2108015785","https://openalex.org/W2117615882","https://openalex.org/W2130150171","https://openalex.org/W2138380424","https://openalex.org/W2153061313","https://openalex.org/W2162165019","https://openalex.org/W2166793012","https://openalex.org/W2168708086","https://openalex.org/W2240659856","https://openalex.org/W2260495425","https://openalex.org/W2317735593","https://openalex.org/W2321885413","https://openalex.org/W2329555944","https://openalex.org/W2486850706","https://openalex.org/W2500006238","https://openalex.org/W2790827935","https://openalex.org/W2802590391","https://openalex.org/W2951132454","https://openalex.org/W2970896534","https://openalex.org/W2993650909","https://openalex.org/W3146563836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4408920438","https://openalex.org/W2615662905","https://openalex.org/W2022710596","https://openalex.org/W7216831181","https://openalex.org/W3113598509","https://openalex.org/W2999664327","https://openalex.org/W7046869869","https://openalex.org/W7098568301","https://openalex.org/W4389493975","https://openalex.org/W4246807698"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spanish":[0,41,84,138,207,209,354],"first":[1,20,54],"arrived":[2,145],"on":[3,64],"the":[4,14,19,43,49,53,60,65,69,80,87,95,102,109,113,135,141,147,153,178,182,213,256,273,286,293,308,336,340,348,369,390],"North":[5,126],"American":[6,201],"mainland":[7],"in":[8,29,86,91,112,140,169,189,195,212,228],"what":[9,278],"is":[10,42,63,176,239,262,279,355,362],"now":[11],"part":[12],"of":[13,36,48,56,67,83,104,108,137,166,171,181,221,288,301,342,376,394],"southern":[15,92,120,142],"United":[16,50,61,88,214],"States,":[17],"and":[18,59,94,116,128,173,191,199,231,250,314,353,381],"stable":[21],"contacts":[22],"between":[23,351],"Spanishand":[24],"English-speaking":[25],"colonies":[26],"also":[27,194],"occurred":[28],"these":[30],"same":[31],"regions.":[32],"Today":[33],"with":[34,295,297,326],"upwards":[35],"35":[37],"million":[38],"native":[39,76],"speakers":[40,85,139,210],"de":[44],"facto":[45],"second":[46,179],"language":[47,55,180],"States":[51,62,89,215],"(and":[52],"many":[57,151],"regions),":[58],"verge":[66],"becoming":[68],"world\u2019s":[70],"fourth-largest":[71],"Spanish-speaking":[72,110],"nation":[73],"(counting":[74],"only":[75],"speakers).":[77],"Even":[78],"today":[79],"largest":[81],"number":[82],"resides":[90],"latitudes,":[93],"2000":[96],"census":[97],"presents":[98],"dramatic":[99],"evidence":[100],"that":[101,224,235,259,364,372],"areas":[103],"most":[105,274],"rapid":[106],"growth":[107],"population":[111],"last":[114],"decade":[115],"a":[117,157,218,236,264,298,304,320,330,343],"half":[118,149],"are":[119],"states":[121,143],"such":[122],"as":[123],"Georgia,":[124],"Arkansas,":[125],"Carolina,":[127],"Alabama.":[129],"If":[130],"we":[131],"temporarily":[132],"exclude":[133],"Texas,":[134],"majority":[136],"have":[144,225],"during":[146,152],"past":[148,154],"century,":[150],"decade,":[155],"although":[156],"few":[158],"long-standing":[159],"enclaves":[160],"continue":[161],"to":[162,205,233,357,388],"exist.":[163],"In":[164,203],"terms":[165,170],"demographics\u2014and":[167],"increasingly":[168],"economic":[172],"political":[174],"strength\u2014Spanish":[175],"clearly":[177],"South,":[183],"mostly":[184],"representing":[185],"varie":[186],"ties":[187],"originating":[188],"Cuba":[190],"Mexico,":[192],"but":[193,255],"several":[196],"Caribbean,":[197],"Central":[198],"South":[200],"nations.":[202],"addition":[204],"speaking":[206],"and\u2014usually\u2014English,":[208],"living":[211],"typically":[216],"exhibit":[217],"wide":[219,299],"range":[220],"language-contact":[222],"phenomena":[223],"led":[226],"observers":[227],"this":[229,242,249],"country":[230],"abroad":[232],"postulate":[234],"new":[237],"creation":[238],"arising":[240,346],"from":[241,347],"sustained":[243],"bilingual":[244],"contact.":[245],"Some":[246],"call":[247,252],"it":[248,253,282,361],"some":[251],"that,":[254],"one":[257],"name":[258],"everyone":[260],"recognizes":[261],"`Spanglish,\u2019":[263],"word":[265],"whose":[266],"very":[267],"morphology":[268],"connotes":[269],"hybridity,":[270],"mixture,":[271],"and\u2014to":[272],"cynical\u2014illegitimate":[275],"birth.":[276],"But":[277],"`Spanglish\u2019?":[280],"Does":[281],"really":[283],"exist?":[284],"Can":[285],"thousands":[287],"individuals":[289],"worldwide":[290],"who":[291],"use":[292],"term":[294,337],"conviction\u2014albeit":[296],"variety":[300],"meanings\u2014be":[302],"describing":[303],"non-existent":[305],"entity?":[306],"Like":[307],"search":[309],"for":[310],"`family":[311],"values,\u2019":[312],"`democracy,\u2019":[313],"`national":[315],"security,\u2019":[316],"`Spanglish\u2019":[317],"has":[318,373],"become":[319],"deeply-rooted":[321],"cultural":[322],"construct":[323],"highly":[324],"charged":[325],"emotion":[327],"while":[328,385],"eluding":[329],"widely":[331],"accepted":[332],"definition.":[333],"Since":[334],"neither":[335],"itself":[338],"nor":[339],"notion":[341],"`third":[344],"language\u2019":[345],"head-on":[349],"collision":[350],"English":[352],"likely":[356],"disappear":[358],"anytime":[359],"soon,":[360],"imperative":[363],"serious":[365],"empirical":[366],"research":[367],"complement":[368],"popular":[370],"chaos":[371],"embraced":[374],"aspects":[375],"mass":[377],"hysteria,":[378],"conspiracy":[379],"theories,":[380],"media":[382],"feeding":[383],"frenzy,":[384],"doing":[386],"little":[387],"elucidate":[389],"actual":[391],"linguistic":[392],"situation":[393],"Latino":[395],"bilinguals.":[396]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}