{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2185709170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","title":"Lunate Microliths in the Holocene Industries of Nubia: Multifunctional Tools, Sickle Blades or Weapon Elements?","display_name":"Lunate Microliths in the Holocene Industries of Nubia: Multifunctional Tools, Sickle Blades or Weapon Elements?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2185709170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","mag":"2185709170"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4000/palethnologie.9516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","pdf_url":"https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/pdf/9516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177182","display_name":"Palethnologie","issn_l":"2108-6532","issn":["2108-6532"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311171","host_organization_name":"Presses Universitaires du Midi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311171","https://openalex.org/P4310311245"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Presses Universitaires du Midi","University Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Palethnologie","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/pdf/9516","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034334133","display_name":"Matthieu Honegger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-7563","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6209-7563"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210164014","display_name":"Lat\u00e9nium","ror":"https://ror.org/05fw7wg22","country_code":"CH","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210164014"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Matthieu Honegger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institut de pr\u00e9histoire et des sciences de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 Lat\u00e9nium, Espace Paul Vouga, CH-2068 Hauterivematthieu.honegger[at]unine.ch","Recherches sur les armatures de projectiles du pal\u00e9olithique sup\u00e9rieur au"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut de pr\u00e9histoire et des sciences de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 Lat\u00e9nium, Espace Paul Vouga, CH-2068 Hauterivematthieu.honegger[at]unine.ch","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164014"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Recherches sur les armatures de projectiles du pal\u00e9olithique sup\u00e9rieur au","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034334133"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210164014"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81609859,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.3499000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10421","display_name":"Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology","score":0.3499000072479248,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12555","display_name":"Ancient Egypt and Archaeology","score":0.3158999979496002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10087","display_name":"Archaeology and ancient environmental studies","score":0.17820000648498535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3302","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nubia","display_name":"Nubia","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/holocene","display_name":"Holocene","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prehistoric-lithic-technology","display_name":"prehistoric lithic technology","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sickle-blades","display_name":"sickle blades","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arrowhead","display_name":"arrowhead","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barbs","display_name":"barbs","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impact-fracture","display_name":"impact fracture","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tool-standardization","display_name":"tool standardization","score":0.6269999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5328142642974854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4616374671459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140345934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25445","display_name":"Holocene","level":2,"score":0.4449300467967987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3784745931625366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.37791478633880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.37404483556747437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34107694029808044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4000/palethnologie.9516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","pdf_url":"https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/pdf/9516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177182","display_name":"Palethnologie","issn_l":"2108-6532","issn":["2108-6532"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311171","host_organization_name":"Presses Universitaires du Midi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311171","https://openalex.org/P4310311245"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Presses Universitaires du Midi","University Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Palethnologie","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:revues.org:palethnologie/9516","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/9516","pdf_url":"http://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/pdf/9516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402281","display_name":"OpenEdition (OpenEdition)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387156132","host_organization_name":"OpenEdition Center","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387156132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"other"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"URI:https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4000/palethnologie.9516","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4000/palethnologie.9516","pdf_url":"https://journals.openedition.org/palethnologie/pdf/9516","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210177182","display_name":"Palethnologie","issn_l":"2108-6532","issn":["2108-6532"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311171","host_organization_name":"Presses Universitaires du Midi","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311171","https://openalex.org/P4310311245"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Presses Universitaires du Midi","University Toulouse - Jean Jaur\u00e8s"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Palethnologie","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323329","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324210","display_name":"Minist\u00e8re de la Culture et de la Communication","ror":"https://ror.org/017rnyz40"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2185709170.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2185709170.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W568144006","https://openalex.org/W575384656","https://openalex.org/W654836148","https://openalex.org/W1234788019","https://openalex.org/W1990593250","https://openalex.org/W1993258841","https://openalex.org/W2077392289","https://openalex.org/W2486122130","https://openalex.org/W2797065899","https://openalex.org/W4238444316","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4414850965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4379531607","https://openalex.org/W1969588849","https://openalex.org/W4415047503","https://openalex.org/W1992600354","https://openalex.org/W1866045959","https://openalex.org/W3210262807","https://openalex.org/W2620865543","https://openalex.org/W4307529043","https://openalex.org/W1981969189","https://openalex.org/W4392224914"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Nubia,":[1],"lunates":[2,135,204],"(circle":[3],"segments)":[4],"are":[5,31],"one":[6],"of":[7,15,21,63,76,94,115,121,167,176,202,209],"the":[8,13,16,19,52,61,74,92,109,113,119,168,203,210],"most":[9],"characteristic":[10],"tools":[11],"from":[12],"beginning":[14],"Holocene":[17],"to":[18,27,56,131,149,213],"end":[20],"proto-history,":[22],"or":[23,37,78,82,87,101,143,156,186],"even":[24],"later.":[25],"According":[26],"some":[28,166],"interpretations,":[29],"they":[30,105],"generally":[32],"considered":[33,112],"as":[34,140,170,184,216],"being":[35],"arrowhead":[36],"sickle":[38,187],"blades.":[39,188],"Taking":[40],"into":[41,72,98],"account":[42,73],"archaeological":[43],"examples,":[44],"very":[45],"diverse":[46],"in":[47,103,200],"their":[48,64],"context":[49,93],"and":[50,89,118,145,205],"dating,":[51],"present":[53],"article":[54],"tries":[55],"summarize":[57],"our":[58],"knowledge":[59],"on":[60,108],"question":[62,114],"function.":[65],"While":[66],"previous":[67],"studies":[68],"have":[69,106,180],"essentially":[70],"taken":[71],"existence":[75],"traces":[77],"organic":[79],"residues":[80],"(gloss":[81],"polish,":[83],"hafting":[84],"glue,":[85],"handle":[86],"shaft)":[88],"less":[90],"often":[91],"discovery":[95],"(tips":[96],"driven":[97],"human":[99],"bones":[100],"embedded":[102],"skeletons),":[104],"not,":[107],"other":[110,163],"hand,":[111],"impact":[116],"fractures":[117],"dimensions":[120,178],"lunates.":[122],"By":[123],"collecting":[124],"all":[125],"these":[126],"observations,":[127],"it":[128,171],"is":[129,172],"possible":[130,173],"differentiate":[132],"small":[133],"sized":[134],"having":[136],"mainly":[137],"been":[138],"used":[139,215],"projectile":[141],"tips":[142],"barbs":[144],"bigger":[146],"pieces":[147,175,211],"meant":[148],"fit":[150],"knives":[151],"for":[152,165],"cutting":[153],"vegetal":[154],"materials":[155],"sickles.":[157],"We":[158],"can":[159,191],"however":[160],"not":[161],"exclude":[162],"uses":[164],"lunates,":[169],"that":[174],"medium":[177],"could":[179],"had":[181],"a":[182,193,198,206],"functioned":[183],"arrowheads":[185],"Finally,":[189],"we":[190],"observe":[192],"tendency":[194],"through":[195],"time":[196],"toward":[197],"reduction":[199],"size":[201],"greater":[207],"standardization":[208],"intended":[212],"be":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
