{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2185434801","doi":null,"title":"The evolut ion of police organizations and leadership in the United States: potential political and social implications","display_name":"The evolut ion of police organizations and leadership in the United States: potential political and social implications","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2185434801","mag":"2185434801"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2185434801","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:1518/fulltext.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012015388","display_name":"Alice Elizabeth Perry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alice Elizabeth Perry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012015388"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10213","display_name":"Public Policy and Administration Research","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12736","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Penology","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-organization","display_name":"police organization","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-leadership","display_name":"police leadership","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-reform","display_name":"police reform","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-policing","display_name":"United States policing","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.7071043848991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5198181867599487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09229728579521179}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2185434801","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.library.northeastern.edu/files/neu:1518/fulltext.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62157365","https://openalex.org/W144744344","https://openalex.org/W567885610","https://openalex.org/W574221344","https://openalex.org/W577457631","https://openalex.org/W579539601","https://openalex.org/W586621555","https://openalex.org/W592940989","https://openalex.org/W597308538","https://openalex.org/W610151367","https://openalex.org/W614576585","https://openalex.org/W626364172","https://openalex.org/W631391734","https://openalex.org/W633596478","https://openalex.org/W644755229","https://openalex.org/W1507875382","https://openalex.org/W1514370843","https://openalex.org/W1517329739","https://openalex.org/W1518176999","https://openalex.org/W1520904419","https://openalex.org/W1528622076","https://openalex.org/W1532412295","https://openalex.org/W1533700781","https://openalex.org/W1535581774","https://openalex.org/W1576882153","https://openalex.org/W1586341733","https://openalex.org/W1586455169","https://openalex.org/W1588442331","https://openalex.org/W1963678173","https://openalex.org/W1963871207","https://openalex.org/W1965516070","https://openalex.org/W1969860503","https://openalex.org/W1987850680","https://openalex.org/W1999131120","https://openalex.org/W1999980184","https://openalex.org/W2002849094","https://openalex.org/W2004725266","https://openalex.org/W2010882668","https://openalex.org/W2011508098","https://openalex.org/W2012968282","https://openalex.org/W2014401824","https://openalex.org/W2022411917","https://openalex.org/W2022737001","https://openalex.org/W2025247041","https://openalex.org/W2030261335","https://openalex.org/W2030574807","https://openalex.org/W2032350976","https://openalex.org/W2046300806","https://openalex.org/W2053343548","https://openalex.org/W2064395596","https://openalex.org/W2067608260","https://openalex.org/W2073559863","https://openalex.org/W2074391392","https://openalex.org/W2078427063","https://openalex.org/W2082087383","https://openalex.org/W2085122715","https://openalex.org/W2088640494","https://openalex.org/W2091578093","https://openalex.org/W2098950902","https://openalex.org/W2114412976","https://openalex.org/W2115151992","https://openalex.org/W2120761580","https://openalex.org/W2121469202","https://openalex.org/W2122955616","https://openalex.org/W2125710370","https://openalex.org/W2132640506","https://openalex.org/W2138055330","https://openalex.org/W2146160297","https://openalex.org/W2150833325","https://openalex.org/W2157440958","https://openalex.org/W2162706891","https://openalex.org/W2166524979","https://openalex.org/W2170375617","https://openalex.org/W2283079185","https://openalex.org/W2322380909","https://openalex.org/W2491360047","https://openalex.org/W2618755672","https://openalex.org/W2620971759","https://openalex.org/W2796009189","https://openalex.org/W2796638730","https://openalex.org/W2797400701","https://openalex.org/W2798940849","https://openalex.org/W2985245507","https://openalex.org/W3001002447","https://openalex.org/W3035140987","https://openalex.org/W3086363583","https://openalex.org/W3142442681","https://openalex.org/W3151729477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W626272615","https://openalex.org/W3034040322","https://openalex.org/W2999917607","https://openalex.org/W48234744","https://openalex.org/W7097983698","https://openalex.org/W2054239219","https://openalex.org/W1221381370","https://openalex.org/W3214865593","https://openalex.org/W2183751443","https://openalex.org/W854546536"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
