{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2185301561","doi":null,"title":"Intensifying Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: Choices & Challenges.","display_name":"Intensifying Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes: Choices & Challenges.","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2185301561","mag":"2185301561","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26548029"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:26548029","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26548029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027011735","display_name":"Ajay Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9914-7421","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9914-7421"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajay Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000810103","display_name":"Jothydev Kesavadev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-6391","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6522-6391"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jothydev Kesavadev","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108417645","display_name":"Bipin Kumar Sethi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-6844","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-6844"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bipin Sethi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sunil M Jain","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil M Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019249445","display_name":"C.S. Guruprasad","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C S Guruprasad","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113234655","display_name":"Siddharth N Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-0634","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4803-0634"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siddharth N Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4668,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65723569,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"5 Suppl","first_page":"8","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.8970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.09989999979734421,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-intensification","display_name":"insulin intensification","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-insulin","display_name":"basal insulin","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bolus-insulin","display_name":"bolus insulin","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premixed-insulin","display_name":"premixed insulin","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postprandial-hyperglycemia","display_name":"postprandial hyperglycemia","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia","display_name":"hypoglycemia","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-daily-injections","display_name":"multiple daily insulin injections","score":0.7649999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-gain","display_name":"weight gain","score":0.6200000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9373776912689209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.8075520992279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778199505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992990","display_name":"Postprandial","level":3,"score":0.7567660808563232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.6834483742713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.5732335448265076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5290668606758118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5197610259056091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5175901651382446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.45433929562568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3918765187263489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.3296199440956116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006943","descriptor_name":"Hyperglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006943","descriptor_name":"Hyperglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007003","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007003","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemia","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007004","descriptor_name":"Hypoglycemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007267","descriptor_name":"Injections","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011788","descriptor_name":"Quality of Life","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017410","descriptor_name":"Practice Guidelines as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D048909","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D048909","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Complications","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049528","descriptor_name":"Insulin, Long-Acting","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:26548029","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26548029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2185301561","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26548029","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176547286","https://openalex.org/W181320477","https://openalex.org/W1613501644","https://openalex.org/W1971676373","https://openalex.org/W1976186075","https://openalex.org/W1985138942","https://openalex.org/W1993260060","https://openalex.org/W1995411908","https://openalex.org/W1997746831","https://openalex.org/W2004014076","https://openalex.org/W2004627568","https://openalex.org/W2011229231","https://openalex.org/W2034055449","https://openalex.org/W2047076943","https://openalex.org/W2057002261","https://openalex.org/W2060022442","https://openalex.org/W2065380980","https://openalex.org/W2073789256","https://openalex.org/W2075717569","https://openalex.org/W2076140794","https://openalex.org/W2079833621","https://openalex.org/W2085258761","https://openalex.org/W2092491069","https://openalex.org/W2103829708","https://openalex.org/W2105413962","https://openalex.org/W2112535191","https://openalex.org/W2119105795","https://openalex.org/W2123946565","https://openalex.org/W2130049106","https://openalex.org/W2138181294","https://openalex.org/W2140930900","https://openalex.org/W2147007805","https://openalex.org/W2147244538","https://openalex.org/W2149041056","https://openalex.org/W2153533676","https://openalex.org/W2154392339","https://openalex.org/W2159062207","https://openalex.org/W2160088494","https://openalex.org/W2161097799","https://openalex.org/W2164733897","https://openalex.org/W2207468142","https://openalex.org/W2378771027","https://openalex.org/W2401877438","https://openalex.org/W2524599331","https://openalex.org/W2752336761","https://openalex.org/W2769264260","https://openalex.org/W3021378706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975302648","https://openalex.org/W2605042551","https://openalex.org/W2144067644","https://openalex.org/W2772600466","https://openalex.org/W2479519774","https://openalex.org/W2069601319","https://openalex.org/W47958623","https://openalex.org/W2343620378","https://openalex.org/W2084667646","https://openalex.org/W2793995825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Insulin":[0],"therapy":[1,13,60,98,118],"remains":[2],"the":[3,15,20,83,110,121,189],"cornerstone":[4],"of":[5,11,17,22,33,40,63,85,109,123,130,177,191],"effective":[6],"diabetes":[7,18,199],"management.":[8],"Timely":[9],"intensification":[10,145,193],"insulin":[12,42,65,70,87,97,162,167,192],"reduces":[14],"progression":[16],"and":[19,36,112,127,181],"development":[21],"diabetes-related":[23],"complications.":[24],"Given":[25],"that":[26],"overall":[27],"hyperglycaemia":[28],"is":[29,71,105,138],"a":[30,72,92,139,142],"relative":[31],"contribution":[32],"both":[34],"fasting":[35],"postprandial":[37,56],"hyperglycaemia,":[38],"use":[39],"basal":[41,79],"alone":[43,80],"may":[44],"not":[45],"achieve":[46,154],"optimal":[47,171],"glucose":[48,57],"control":[49,104,173],"due":[50,119],"to":[51,54,68,116,120,153],"its":[52],"inability":[53],"cover":[55],"excursions.":[58],"Intensifying":[59],"with":[61,101,174,196],"addition":[62],"bolus":[64],"or":[66,155],"switching":[67],"premixed":[69],"viable":[73],"option":[74,146],"in":[75,95,99,194],"patients":[76,100,111,195],"failing":[77],"on":[78,203],"therapy.":[81],"Although":[82],"benefits":[84],"early":[86],"treatment":[88,205],"are":[89,114],"well":[90],"established,":[91],"considerable":[93],"delay":[94],"intensifying":[96],"sub-optimal":[102],"glycaemic":[103,158,172],"still":[106],"observed.":[107],"Most":[108],"physicians":[113],"reluctant":[115],"intensify":[117],"fear":[122],"hypoglycaemia,":[124,178],"regimen":[125,163],"complexity,":[126],"increased":[128],"burden":[129],"multiple":[131],"daily":[132,183],"injections.":[133,184],"In":[134],"this":[135],"context,":[136],"there":[137],"need":[140],"for":[141],"flexible,":[143],"alternative":[144],"taking":[147],"into":[148],"account":[149],"individual":[150,157],"patient":[151],"considerations":[152],"maintain":[156],"targets.":[159],"An":[160],"ideal":[161],"should":[164],"mimic":[165],"physiological":[166],"release":[168],"while":[169],"providing":[170],"low":[175],"risk":[176],"weight":[179],"gain":[180],"fewer":[182],"The":[185],"current":[186,204],"paper":[187],"reviews":[188],"challenges":[190],"type":[197],"2":[198],"mellitus":[200],"poorly":[201],"controlled":[202],"regimens.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}