{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2184974706","doi":null,"title":"Breeding biology, movements, and persecution of ravens in Iceland","display_name":"Breeding biology, movements, and persecution of ravens in Iceland","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2184974706","mag":"2184974706"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2184974706","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://rafhladan.is/bitstream/10802/4989/1/Acta-Naturalia-Islandica-33.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006630829","display_name":"Kristinn Haukur Skarph\u00e9\u00f0insson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kristinn Haukur Skarph\u00e9\u00f0insson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006630829"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73911825,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10089","display_name":"Avian ecology and behavior","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11913","display_name":"Animal Ecology and Behavior Studies","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-raven","display_name":"Corvus corax","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-biology","display_name":"breeding biology","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nest-success","display_name":"nest success","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brood-size","display_name":"brood size","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutch-size","display_name":"clutch size","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territory-occupancy","display_name":"territory occupancy","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-breeding-birds","display_name":"non-breeding birds","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wintering-flocks","display_name":"wintering flocks","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bird-movement","display_name":"bird movement","score":0.5950000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nestling-mortality","display_name":"nestling mortality","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-persecution","display_name":"human persecution","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-recovery","display_name":"band recovery","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-density","display_name":"breeding density","score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-dynamics","display_name":"population dynamics","score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breeding-phenology","display_name":"breeding phenology","score":0.3230000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76257803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2914884","display_name":"Fledge","level":3,"score":0.8349791765213013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152630561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6997750","display_name":"Nest (protein structural motif)","level":2,"score":0.7967106103897095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114265396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994747","display_name":"Brood","level":2,"score":0.7565218210220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65532224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17081090","display_name":"Avian clutch size","level":3,"score":0.6939120292663574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134215735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120997","display_name":"Flock","level":2,"score":0.5726455450057983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5261544585227966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.5066855549812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.49823999404907227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.47317034006118774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.3985399603843689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.34998106956481934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777744765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734755","display_name":"Hatching","level":2,"score":0.32259684801101685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59659247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11990","display_name":"Reproduction","level":2,"score":0.30535799264907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3007999658584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2184974706","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://rafhladan.is/bitstream/10802/4989/1/Acta-Naturalia-Islandica-33.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life on land","score":0.8518999814987183,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14504215","https://openalex.org/W30490051","https://openalex.org/W91176056","https://openalex.org/W580156106","https://openalex.org/W1539621653","https://openalex.org/W1598247437","https://openalex.org/W1599584694","https://openalex.org/W1892864688","https://openalex.org/W1985112723","https://openalex.org/W1996498293","https://openalex.org/W2021161108","https://openalex.org/W2025480055","https://openalex.org/W2030161584","https://openalex.org/W2033567622","https://openalex.org/W2056050753","https://openalex.org/W2071767724","https://openalex.org/W2086444243","https://openalex.org/W2116408577","https://openalex.org/W2124955830","https://openalex.org/W2188231487","https://openalex.org/W2254227523","https://openalex.org/W2282625780","https://openalex.org/W2289405415","https://openalex.org/W2314694366","https://openalex.org/W2317903141","https://openalex.org/W2325729673","https://openalex.org/W2331549875","https://openalex.org/W2333666717","https://openalex.org/W2342500330","https://openalex.org/W2507131296","https://openalex.org/W2617963147","https://openalex.org/W2620388384","https://openalex.org/W2761397928","https://openalex.org/W2788840462","https://openalex.org/W2789375826","https://openalex.org/W2799554439","https://openalex.org/W2802885730","https://openalex.org/W2916698004","https://openalex.org/W3011358882","https://openalex.org/W3011419756"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3095840204","https://openalex.org/W2971530579","https://openalex.org/W7071479287","https://openalex.org/W6908232934","https://openalex.org/W30490051","https://openalex.org/W4220770505","https://openalex.org/W2124955830","https://openalex.org/W2049858276","https://openalex.org/W2758744579","https://openalex.org/W4231542969"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"studied":[1],"Common":[2],"ravens":[3,190,271,302,314,374,453,461,527,538,548],"(Corvus":[4],"corax)":[5],"in":[6,22,53,65,78,100,164,169,209,220,272,282,291,344,359,364,424,442,444,463,469,489,541,549],"Iceland":[7,66,443,490],"from":[8,151,348,383,394,401,429,547],"1981-85.":[9],"This":[10,499],"paper":[11],"describes":[12],"(1)":[13,55],"the":[14,50,90,101,123,147,165,170,186,221,227,257,273,283,318,327,342,345,353,360,365,384,395,464,470,479,484,496,513,523,550],"breeding":[15,60,195,510],"biology":[16],"of":[17,33,38,46,58,81,107,204,256,300,313,341,352,421,459,478,483,501,509,515,543,560],"three":[18,274],"local":[19],"raven":[20,51,206,438,487],"populations":[21],"Southwest,":[23,284,328],"Northeast,":[24,285,332,524],"and":[25,31,40,43,83,93,122,180,230,266,279,286,294,310,333,362,410,466,562,573],"East":[26,94,166,228,471],"Iceland,":[27],"respectively,":[28],"(2)":[29,199],"movements":[30],"mortality":[32],"non-breeding":[34,39,113,425,535],"ravens,":[35],"(3)":[36,397],"composition":[37],"wintering":[41],"flocks,":[42],"(4)":[44,435],"impact":[45],"human":[47],"persecution":[48,502],"on":[49,239],"population":[52],"Iceland.":[54],"The":[56,115,173,200,261,297,367,419,446],"range":[57],"mean":[59,86,116,124,174],"densities":[61],"for":[62,89,177,189,217,326,331,336,414,495],"7":[63],"regions":[64],"was":[67,73,119,127,141,161,183,212,303,370,491],"1.5":[68],"6.8":[69],"pairs/lOO":[70],"km\u2022":[71],"There":[72],"no":[74],"significant":[75],"annual":[76,148,480,497],"variation":[77],"occupancy":[79,87,514,558],"rates":[80,88,214],"territories":[82,109,404,516,561],"nest":[84,175,564],"success;":[85,565],"Southwest":[91,231,361],"(72%)":[92],"(67%)":[95],"were":[96,110,215,323,379,390,472,528,567],"significantly":[97,142,162,269,316,428,540],"higher":[98,163],"than":[99,168],"Northeast":[102,171,222,346,465],"(59%).":[103],"On":[104],"average,":[105],"9%":[106],"occupied":[108,111],"by":[112,226,305,474],"birds.":[114],"clutch":[117],"size":[118,126,134],"4.6":[120],"eggs,":[121],"brood":[125,240],"3.3":[128],"young":[129,153,157,399],"per":[130],"successful":[131],"pair.":[132],"Brood":[133],"did":[135,236,503],"not":[136,237,504],"differ":[137],"among":[138,144,185,270,317],"areas":[139,181],"but":[140,386],"different":[143],"some":[145,542],"years;":[146],"means":[149],"ranged":[150],"3.0":[152],"(1983)":[154],"to":[155,357,416,432,493,506],"3.7":[156],"(1981).":[158],"Nest":[159],"success":[160,176],"(89%)":[167],"(77%).":[172],"all":[178,460],"years":[179],"combined":[182],"83%,":[184],"highest":[187,216],"recorded":[188],"anywhere.":[191],"One":[192],"female":[193],"initiated":[194],"at":[196,569],"2":[197],"years.":[198,418],"overall":[201],"recovery":[202,267,311],"rate":[203,235,559],"587":[205],"nestlings":[207,218,566],"banded":[208,219,462,468],"our":[210,520],"study":[211,275,553],"42%;":[213],"(47%":[223],"),":[224],"followed":[225],"(43%)":[229],"(18%":[232],").":[233],"Recovery":[234],"depend":[238],"size,":[241],"laying":[242],"date":[243],"or,":[244],"hence,":[245],"fledging":[246,409],"date.":[247],"Ravens":[248],"recovered":[249,301,376,568],"during":[250,377,387,449],"their":[251,402,544],"first":[252],"year":[253],"represented":[254],"62%":[255],"total":[258],"number":[259],"recovered.":[260],"median":[262,321],"interval":[263],"between":[264,308],"banding":[265,309,319,354],"differed":[268,315,539],"areas;":[276,320],"295,":[277],"195,":[278],"312":[280],"days":[281],"East,":[287],"respectively.":[288],"Recoveries":[289],"peaked":[290],"August-October":[292],"(45%)":[293],"April-May":[295],"(24%).":[296],"majority":[298],"(87%)":[299,375],"killed":[304,423,473],"humans.":[306,475],"Distances":[307],"locations":[312],"distances":[322],"73":[324],"km":[325,330,335,351,382,393],"30":[329],"70":[334],"East.":[337,366],"Ninety":[338],"six":[339],"percent":[340],"recoveries":[343],"came":[347],"within":[349],"80":[350],"place,":[355],"compared":[356],"64%":[358],"57%":[363],"longest":[368],"movement":[369],"386":[371],"km.":[372],"Most":[373],"summer":[378],"inland":[380],"(>10":[381],"coast),":[385],"winter":[388],"81%":[389],"coastal":[391],"\u00ab10":[392],"coast).":[396],"Raven":[398],"dispersed":[400],"parents'":[403],"about":[405],"4-6":[406],"weeks":[407],"after":[408,574],"joined":[411],"nonbreeding":[412],"flocks":[413,426],"up":[415],"6":[417],"percentage":[420],"~l-year-ols!birds":[422],"declined":[427],"fall":[430],"(56%)":[431],"spring":[433],"(44%).":[434],"A":[436,456],"large-scale":[437],"control":[439],"program":[440],"began":[441],"1976.":[445],"estimated":[447,485],"kill":[448],"1981-85":[450],"averaged":[451],"4116":[452],"each":[454],"year.":[455],"minimum":[457],"43%":[458],"36%":[467],"Over":[476],"80%":[477],"reproductive":[481],"output":[482],"2000":[486],"pairs":[488,511],"needed":[492],"compensate":[494],"persecution.":[498],"level":[500],"seem":[505],"affect":[507],"numbers":[508],"as":[512],"remained":[517],"stable":[518],"throughout":[519],"study.":[521],"In":[522],"however,":[525],"where":[526],"heavily":[529],"persecuted,":[530],"data":[531],"suggested":[532],"a":[533],"declining":[534],"population.":[536],"There,":[537],"life-history":[545],"characteristics":[546],"other":[551],"two":[552],"areas:":[554],"they":[555],"had":[556],"lower":[557,563],"an":[570],"earlier":[571],"age":[572],"dispersing":[575],"shorter":[576],"distances.":[577]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
