{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2184938560","doi":null,"title":"The sandwich feedback method: Not very tasty","display_name":"The sandwich feedback method: Not very tasty","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2184938560","mag":"2184938560"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2184938560","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/141831.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112341823","display_name":"Clarence W. Von Bergen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. W. Von Bergen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047710783","display_name":"Martin S. Bressler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-4847","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-4847"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin S. Bressler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6982-4847","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037938463","display_name":"Kitty Campbell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kitty Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9449656,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.37869998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14309","display_name":"Employee Performance and Management","score":0.37869998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.21359999477863312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11994","display_name":"Human Resource Development and Performance Evaluation","score":0.1914999932050705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-feedback","display_name":"performance feedback","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/negative-feedback","display_name":"negative feedback","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisor-employee-relationship","display_name":"supervisor-employee relationship","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constructive-criticism","display_name":"constructive criticism","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-behavior","display_name":"employee behavior","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-training","display_name":"management training","score":0.5040000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7991579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955","display_name":"Criticism","level":2,"score":0.6482406854629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.5637443661689758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5060409903526306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.46901220083236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781285665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012157","display_name":"Employee morale","level":3,"score":0.41090425848960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3921576738357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.21519947052001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1973574161529541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1838962733745575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.15145763754844666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12632164359092712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.08881458640098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2184938560","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aabri.com/manuscripts/141831.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W118022250","https://openalex.org/W208555824","https://openalex.org/W647286826","https://openalex.org/W649515269","https://openalex.org/W1525849453","https://openalex.org/W1532857181","https://openalex.org/W1595912963","https://openalex.org/W1979410064","https://openalex.org/W1996489596","https://openalex.org/W2003793574","https://openalex.org/W2023828900","https://openalex.org/W2024166143","https://openalex.org/W2067999751","https://openalex.org/W2070778048","https://openalex.org/W2089153642","https://openalex.org/W2101310351","https://openalex.org/W2107718106","https://openalex.org/W2146006411","https://openalex.org/W2149746305","https://openalex.org/W2160674918","https://openalex.org/W2313800220","https://openalex.org/W3000225925","https://openalex.org/W3183603559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100827489","https://openalex.org/W1458521238","https://openalex.org/W2885656068","https://openalex.org/W6906754781","https://openalex.org/W2789737004","https://openalex.org/W2336351488","https://openalex.org/W2128702137","https://openalex.org/W7019908934","https://openalex.org/W212550482","https://openalex.org/W3015605770"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"When":[0],"correcting":[1],"employee":[2,60],"behavior":[3],"and":[4,18,45,50,75,103],"providing":[5],"negative":[6],"performance":[7],"comments,":[8],"managers":[9,110],"are":[10,19],"often":[11],"encouraged":[12],"to":[13,22,55,113],"begin":[14],"with":[15,78],"something":[16],"positive":[17,36],"frequently":[20],"instructed":[21],"use":[23,93,112],"the":[24,72,76,88,94,97],"\u201csandwich":[25],"method\u201d":[26],"in":[27],"which":[28],"one":[29],"inserts":[30],"(or":[31],"sandwiches)":[32],"criticism":[33],"between":[34],"two":[35],"remarks.":[37],"Although":[38],"offered":[39],"by":[40,100],"many":[41],"well-intentioned":[42],"management":[43],"trainers":[44],"organizations":[46],"as":[47],"an":[48,59,106],"effective":[49,107],"humane":[51],"way":[52],"for":[53],"bosses":[54],"communicate":[56],"how":[57],"badly":[58],"is":[61],"doing":[62],"something,":[63],"this":[64,83,101],"commonly":[65],"used":[66],"method":[67,84],"may":[68],"be":[69],"undermining":[70],"both":[71],"supervisor\u2019s":[73],"feedback":[74],"relationship":[77],"their":[79],"workers.":[80],"After":[81],"reviewing":[82],"of":[85],"corrective":[86],"guidance,":[87],"authors":[89],"discuss":[90],"why":[91],"leaders":[92],"sandwich":[95],"approach,":[96],"problems":[98],"presented":[99],"technique,":[102],"then":[104],"offer":[105],"alternative":[108],"procedure":[109],"can":[111],"address":[114],"problematic":[115],"workplace":[116],"conduct.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
