{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2184797133","doi":null,"title":"DEXTRAN MICROSPHERES CONTAINING TETANUS TOXOID AS A POTENTIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR NASAL IMMUNIZATION: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION","display_name":"DEXTRAN MICROSPHERES CONTAINING TETANUS TOXOID AS A POTENTIAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR NASAL IMMUNIZATION: IN VITRO AND IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2184797133","mag":"2184797133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2184797133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=23684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066424438","display_name":"Sayyed Abolghasem Sajadi Tabassi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S A Sajadi Tabassi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029460290","display_name":"Mohsen Tafaghodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-0973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-0973"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Tafaghodi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8286-0973","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111441013","display_name":"M R Jafari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M R Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14732143,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"222","first_page":"88","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11651","display_name":"Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dextran-microspheres","display_name":"dextran microspheres","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetanus-toxoid","display_name":"tetanus toxoid","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intranasal-immunization","display_name":"intranasal immunization","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucoadhesion","display_name":"mucoadhesion","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-release","display_name":"antigen release","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radionuclide-imaging","display_name":"scintigraphy","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nasal-irritation","display_name":"nasal irritation","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freeze-drying","display_name":"freeze-drying","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sephadex","display_name":"Sephadex","score":0.8679999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908822","display_name":"Toxoid","level":4,"score":0.7259008884429932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780020223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25323681","display_name":"Mucoadhesion","level":4,"score":0.6434423923492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966562","display_name":"Nasal administration","level":2,"score":0.6030575633049011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207001950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141124","display_name":"In vivo","level":2,"score":0.5991141200065613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777339698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423123","display_name":"Dextran","level":2,"score":0.5916098952293396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5670693516731262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.48226624727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779841045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47790","display_name":"Tetanus","level":3,"score":0.45698243379592896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59377437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515471","display_name":"Mucous membrane of nose","level":2,"score":0.44604578614234924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189942447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61186","display_name":"Microsphere","level":2,"score":0.4423541724681854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.43378540873527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779026604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4774742","display_name":"Antigenicity","level":3,"score":0.4247454106807709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776612079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309471","display_name":"Clostridium tetani","level":4,"score":0.4173547327518463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.34646356105804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.33173298835754395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3259371519088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3091530501842499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30751681327819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13245373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3715494","display_name":"Drug carrier","level":3,"score":0.27750319242477417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779820397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392806","display_name":"Drug delivery","level":2,"score":0.24610671401023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.240139901638031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.22953945398330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.14388880133628845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.14164671301841736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.13761886954307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07951679825782776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2184797133","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=23684","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1981629461","https://openalex.org/W2185780349","https://openalex.org/W2077798707","https://openalex.org/W2560481544","https://openalex.org/W3105767994","https://openalex.org/W2011413754","https://openalex.org/W2009625506","https://openalex.org/W2136312576","https://openalex.org/W1964029112","https://openalex.org/W2159148681"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"\u00aeHowever":[0],"they":[1],"have":[2],"rarely":[3],"been":[4],"used":[5,99,227],"for":[6,100],"mucosal":[7,13,31,231],"immunization.":[8],"Regards":[9],"the":[10,19,117,165,200,207,241],"advantages":[11],"of":[12,23,57,68,89,102,107,112,119,125,140,149,155,164,174,190,197,206,210,218],"over":[14],"parenteral":[15],"immunization":[16],"and":[17,54,63,104,144,215],"also":[18,216],"penetration":[20],"enhancement":[21],"potential":[22,124],"dextran":[24],"microspheres,":[25,222],"we":[26],"examined":[27],"their":[28],"efficacy":[29],"as":[30,160,228],"antigen":[32,91,232],"delivery":[33,233],"system.":[34,234],"Dextran":[35],"microspheres":[36,46,58,126,191,224],"loaded":[37,220],"with":[38,136],"tetanus":[39],"toxoid":[40],"(TT)":[41],"were":[42,59,152,192],"prepared":[43],"by":[44,51,61,72,94,110,129,245],"suspending":[45],"in":[47,82,178,248],"TT":[48,69,146,157,175,219],"solution":[49],"followed":[50],"freeze-drying.":[52],"Size":[53],"morphological":[55],"features":[56],"studied":[60,128],"optical":[62],"electron":[64],"microscopes.":[65],"Encapsulation":[66],"efficiency":[67,148],"was":[70,80,92,98,127,158,176],"determined":[71,159],"micro-BCA":[73],"protein":[74],"assay.":[75],"In":[76],"vitro":[77],"release":[78,202],"study":[79],"performed":[81],"a":[83,137,145,229],"model,":[84],"simulating":[85],"nasal":[86,130],"cavity.":[87],"Immunoreactivity":[88],"encapsulated":[90,156],"assayed":[93],"ELISA.":[95],"Gamma-scintigraphy":[96],"(GS)":[97],"determination":[101],"mucoadhesion":[103],"clearance":[105],"rate":[106],"micro":[108,114],"spheres,":[109],"spraying":[111],"technetiumlabelled":[113],"spheres":[115],"to":[116,132],"nose":[118],"human":[120,133],"volunteers.":[121,198],"Local":[122],"irritating":[123],"administration":[131],"nose.":[134],"Microspheres":[135],"mean":[138],"diameter":[139],"about":[141],"150":[142],"\u00b5m":[143],"encapsulation":[147],"20.3%":[150],"(n=3)":[151,162],"obtained.":[153],"Antigenicity":[154],"90.5\u00b11.8%":[161],"that":[163,171,184],"original":[166],"TT.":[167],"Release":[168],"studies":[169,182,237],"showed":[170,183],"almost":[172],"100%":[173],"released":[177],"1":[179],"h.":[180],"GS":[181],"after":[185],"4":[186],"h,":[187],"36.9\u00b13.4%":[188],"(n=4)":[189],"cleared":[193],"from":[194],"nasopharynx":[195],"region":[196],"Considering":[199],"suitable":[201],"characteristics,":[203],"desirable":[204],"preservation":[205],"antigenic":[208],"activity":[209],"TT,":[211],"appropriate":[212],"mucoadhesive":[213],"properties":[214],"safety":[217],"Sephadex":[221],"these":[223,246],"could":[225],"be":[226],"proper":[230],"However":[235],"further":[236],"are":[238],"needed":[239],"regarding":[240],"immune":[242],"response":[243],"induced":[244],"systems":[247],"an":[249],"animal":[250],"model.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}