{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2184734873","doi":null,"title":"A FAST LATTICE-BASED APPROACH TO VOCABULARY INDEPENDENT WORDSPOTTING","display_name":"A FAST LATTICE-BASED APPROACH TO VOCABULARY INDEPENDENT WORDSPOTTING","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2184734873","mag":"2184734873"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2184734873","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/3104/8833/00389277.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033566367","display_name":"Trumpington Street","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trumpington Street","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071334947","display_name":"Knited Kingdom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Knited Kingdom","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9423,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7495733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offline-preprocessing","display_name":"offline preprocessing","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"speech recognition","score":0.4819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.8124825954437256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7735695242881775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.49921631813049316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.49329036474227905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4708021879196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4663015902042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.4503459334373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.44568127393722534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781204021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6497091","display_name":"Lattice (music)","level":2,"score":0.4440472424030304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44350650906562805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.3291042447090149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3212594985961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07717496156692505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2184734873","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel2/3104/8833/00389277.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206545267","https://openalex.org/W2040226630","https://openalex.org/W2056026977","https://openalex.org/W2116601292","https://openalex.org/W2122797512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038045014","https://openalex.org/W2106340592","https://openalex.org/W2111338354","https://openalex.org/W2115220208","https://openalex.org/W2149998531","https://openalex.org/W4231782226","https://openalex.org/W2619558075","https://openalex.org/W2136440675","https://openalex.org/W1972019599","https://openalex.org/W2335332190"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Practical":[0],"applications":[1],"of":[2,18,40,73,83,123],"wordspotting,":[3],"such":[4],"as":[5],"spoken":[6],"message":[7],"retrieval":[8],"and":[9,77],"browsing,":[10],"require":[11],"the":[12,41,71,74,92,101,124],"ability":[13],"to":[14,34,112],"process":[15],"large":[16],"amounts":[17],"speech":[19],"data":[20],"at":[21],"speeds":[22],"many":[23],"times":[24],"faster":[25,107],"than":[26],"real-time.":[27],"\u2019This":[28],"paper":[29,69],"presents":[30,70],"a":[31,50,81,87],"novel":[32],"approach":[33],"this":[35,62],"problem":[36],"in":[37,61],"which":[38,115],"all":[39],"stored":[42],"audio":[43],"material":[44],"is":[45,104],"preprocessed":[46],"off-line":[47],"t,o":[48],"generate":[49],"phoneme":[51],"lattice.":[52],"At":[53],"search":[54],"time,":[55],"putative":[56],"word":[57],"matches":[58],"are":[59],"found":[60],"lattice":[63],"using":[64,86],"symmetric":[65],"dynamic":[66],"programming.":[67],"The":[68,97],"details":[72],"algorithms":[75],"used":[76],"compares":[78],"performance":[79],"with":[80],"number":[82],"conventional":[84,113],"approaches":[85],"20":[88],"keyword":[89],"vocabulary":[90],"on":[91,117],"DARPA":[93],"Resource":[94],"Management":[95],"Task.":[96],"results":[98],"show":[99],"that":[100],"proposed":[102],"method":[103],"very":[105],"much":[106],"yet":[108],"performs":[109],"acceptably":[110],"compared":[111],"systems":[114],"depend":[116],"keyword-specific":[118],"training":[119],"or":[120],"prior":[121],"knowledge":[122],"test":[125],"set":[126],"vocabulary.":[127]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}