{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2184417314","doi":null,"title":"Early Life An Attempt to Sketch the Most Likely Scenario of Origin of Life","display_name":"Early Life An Attempt to Sketch the Most Likely Scenario of Origin of Life","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2184417314","mag":"2184417314"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2184417314","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.jfreund.de/dateien/early_life_short.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014628723","display_name":"Jens Freund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jens Freund","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5014628723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-life","display_name":"origin of life","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-earth","display_name":"early Earth","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorite-impact","display_name":"meteorite impact","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-membrane","display_name":"plasma membrane","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-oceans","display_name":"early oceans","score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraterrestrial-origin-of-life","display_name":"extraterrestrial origin of life","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130635790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60186","display_name":"Meteorite","level":2,"score":0.836327314376831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.6700272560119629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.6636463403701782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98536072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181508","display_name":"Extraterrestrial life","level":2,"score":0.6055949926376343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190161988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q231218","display_name":"Abiogenesis","level":2,"score":0.5798677206039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776744078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326645","display_name":"Early Earth","level":2,"score":0.4977881908416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.43462836742401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989277613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q283","display_name":"Liquid water","level":2,"score":0.4129127264022827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1965285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8008","display_name":"Earth science","level":1,"score":0.3857842683792114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3280966281890869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.27240148186683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25310540199279785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14014124870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2184417314","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.jfreund.de/dateien/early_life_short.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W657609320","https://openalex.org/W1494733109","https://openalex.org/W1919707350","https://openalex.org/W1967700370","https://openalex.org/W1968106162","https://openalex.org/W1969425583","https://openalex.org/W1972998645","https://openalex.org/W1988206367","https://openalex.org/W2002468235","https://openalex.org/W2004057417","https://openalex.org/W2008061397","https://openalex.org/W2018756788","https://openalex.org/W2030996783","https://openalex.org/W2051450812","https://openalex.org/W2058901568","https://openalex.org/W2061118289","https://openalex.org/W2062758560","https://openalex.org/W2064328428","https://openalex.org/W2066964760","https://openalex.org/W2070889260","https://openalex.org/W2076422611","https://openalex.org/W2079321730","https://openalex.org/W2085436563","https://openalex.org/W2091875871","https://openalex.org/W2100634462","https://openalex.org/W2104525153","https://openalex.org/W2106269045","https://openalex.org/W2107190860","https://openalex.org/W2108027084","https://openalex.org/W2114783261","https://openalex.org/W2120133190","https://openalex.org/W2121884322","https://openalex.org/W2122196720","https://openalex.org/W2125512532","https://openalex.org/W2126577900","https://openalex.org/W2132920850","https://openalex.org/W2146529099","https://openalex.org/W2165966788","https://openalex.org/W2166865790","https://openalex.org/W2170141553","https://openalex.org/W2171066966"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2183665258","https://openalex.org/W2487554375","https://openalex.org/W2338750742","https://openalex.org/W1990587480","https://openalex.org/W2031860879","https://openalex.org/W2085853161","https://openalex.org/W1495992748","https://openalex.org/W7095513179","https://openalex.org/W7061046962","https://openalex.org/W1675796393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,85],"article":[2],"the":[3,8,17,33,42,51,59,68,88,92,95,103,109,117,142],"author":[4],"tries":[5],"to":[6,58],"sketch":[7],"most":[9,49],"likely":[10],"scenario":[11],"of":[12,14,35,50,71,91,100,119],"origin":[13],"life":[15,29,65,137],"taken":[16],"facts":[18],"known":[19],"today":[20],"into":[21],"account.":[22],"The":[23,81,131,150],"main":[24,82],"thesis":[25,86,132],"is":[26,55],"that":[27,63,136],"early":[28,64,72],"already":[30],"evolved":[31,66],"during":[32,141],"time":[34],"disastrous":[36],"meteorite":[37,69,143],"impacts":[38],"which":[39],"nearly":[40],"sterilized":[41],"whole":[43],"Earth":[44,73],"by":[45],"boiling":[46],"and":[47,76,108,116,145],"evaporating":[48],"liquid":[52],"water.":[53],"This":[54],"in":[56,129,157],"contrast":[57],"usual":[60],"unquestioned":[61],"assumption":[62],"after":[67,147],"bombardment":[70,144],"calmed":[74],"down":[75],"stable":[77],"oceans":[78],"were":[79],"present.":[80],"reasons":[83,115],"for":[84],"are":[87,127,155],"unexpected":[89],"uniformity":[90],"genetic":[93],"code,":[94],"two":[96],"fundamentally":[97],"different":[98],"forms":[99],"cell":[101],"membranes,":[102],"high":[104],"evolution":[105],"speed":[106],"needed,":[107],"energy":[110],"rich":[111],"molecules":[112],"needed.":[113],"Those":[114],"unlikelihood":[118],"other":[120],"explanations":[121],"(like":[122],"extraterrestrial":[123],"or":[124],"autotrophic":[125],"origin)":[126],"discussed":[128,156],"detail.":[130],"presented":[133],"here":[134],"implies":[135],"could":[138],"only":[139],"emerge":[140],"not":[146],"it":[148],"ended.":[149],"much":[151],"more":[152],"speculative":[153],"consequences":[154],"a":[158],"separate":[159],"document":[160],"\u2018Lonely":[161],"Life\u2019.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}