{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183766752","doi":null,"title":"OFFLINE HANDWRITING RECOGNITION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM","display_name":"OFFLINE HANDWRITING RECOGNITION USING GENETIC ALGORITHM","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183766752","mag":"2183766752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:sci-gems.math.bas.bg:10525/1026","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/1026","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/1026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401343","display_name":"Bulgarian Digital Mathematics Library (BulDML) at IMI-BAS (Institute of Mathematics and Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210105926","host_organization_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/1026","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110282132","display_name":"Shashank Mathur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-0567","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4891-0567"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shashank Mathur","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Vaibhav Aggarwal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-3297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-3297"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Aggarwal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7504-3297","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050320394","display_name":"Himanshu N. Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-0733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-0733"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Himanshu Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0272-0733","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071610141","display_name":"Anil Ahlawat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-9360","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-9360"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Ahlawat","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-9360","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4317,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89321187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offline-handwriting-recognition","display_name":"offline handwriting recognition","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-segmentation","display_name":"handwriting segmentation","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-segmentation","display_name":"character segmentation","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"genetic algorithm","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network-optimization","display_name":"neural network optimization","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-neural-networks","display_name":"multilayer neural networks","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwritten-text-images","display_name":"handwritten text images","score":0.5580000281333923}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7579559087753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7205966114997864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778943297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079418","display_name":"Cursive","level":2,"score":0.6401225924491882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.6112056374549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.58329838514328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5556195974349976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5505214929580688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5293080806732178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.5194865465164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5058197975158691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.49316686391830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155032097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798503","display_name":"Backpropagation","level":3,"score":0.4713577330112457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546480517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Optical character recognition","level":3,"score":0.4423137307167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.43578919768333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777206241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194431","display_name":"Paragraph","level":2,"score":0.4330516755580902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.24424871802330017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.242285817861557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.230145663022995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.21014481782913208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12643849849700928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:sci-gems.math.bas.bg:10525/1026","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/1026","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/1026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401343","display_name":"Bulgarian Digital Mathematics Library (BulDML) at IMI-BAS (Institute of Mathematics and Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210105926","host_organization_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:2183766752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.foibg.com/ibs_isc/ibs-02/IBS-02-p03.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:sci-gems.math.bas.bg:10525/1026","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/1026","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10525/1026","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401343","display_name":"Bulgarian Digital Mathematics Library (BulDML) at IMI-BAS (Institute of Mathematics and Informatics)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210105926","host_organization_name":"Institute of Mathematics and Informatics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2183766752.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2183766752.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1476482","https://openalex.org/W83775941","https://openalex.org/W1606434116","https://openalex.org/W1966314496","https://openalex.org/W2015340728","https://openalex.org/W2079068771","https://openalex.org/W2081252031","https://openalex.org/W2102454776","https://openalex.org/W2117067361","https://openalex.org/W2125183076","https://openalex.org/W2135719924","https://openalex.org/W2137576693","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2154338144","https://openalex.org/W2217896605","https://openalex.org/W2339752175","https://openalex.org/W3148529112"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7100227562","https://openalex.org/W7097394268","https://openalex.org/W3037396462","https://openalex.org/W93243777","https://openalex.org/W2323087752","https://openalex.org/W2331939088","https://openalex.org/W2591210339","https://openalex.org/W241054277","https://openalex.org/W392419564","https://openalex.org/W2582816114"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,135],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,33,37,105],"new":[4],"method":[5],"for":[6,15],"offline":[7],"handwriting":[8],"recognition":[9],"is":[10,44,116,139],"presented.":[11],"A":[12],"robust":[13],"algorithm":[14,121,146],"\\nhandwriting":[16],"segmentation":[17],"has":[18,76,87,123],"been":[19,77,124],"described":[20],"here":[21],"with":[22,90,95,131,141,150,153],"the":[23,49,54,70,80,109,113,119,127,132,136,142],"help":[24,133,143],"of":[25,39,53,62,82,111,129,134,144,156],"which":[26,43,122],"individual":[27],"characters":[28,56],"can":[29],"be":[30],"\\nsegmented":[31],"from":[32,36,107],"word":[34],"selected":[35],"paragraph":[38],"handwritten":[40],"text":[41,83],"image":[42],"given":[45],"as":[46],"input":[47,97],"to":[48],"\\nmodule.":[50],"Then":[51],"each":[52,102],"segmented":[55],"are":[57,66],"converted":[58],"into":[59,69,118],"column":[60],"vectors":[61],"625":[63,96],"values":[64],"that":[65,75],"later":[67],"\\nfed":[68],"advanced":[71],"neural":[72,93],"network":[73,94,138],"setup":[74],"designed":[78,89],"in":[79],"form":[81],"files.":[84],"The":[85],"networks":[86,115],"\\nbeen":[88],"quadruple":[91],"layered":[92],"and":[98],"26":[99],"output":[100],"neurons":[101],"corresponding":[103],"\\nto":[104],"character":[106],"a-z,":[108],"outputs":[110,152],"all":[112],"four":[114],"fed":[117],"genetic":[120],"\\ndeveloped":[125],"using":[126],"concepts":[128],"correlation,":[130],"overall":[137],"optimized":[140],"\\ngenetic":[145],"thus":[147],"providing":[148],"us":[149],"recognized":[151],"great":[154],"efficiency":[155],"71%.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}