{"id":"https://openalex.org/W21837618","doi":null,"title":"Preventing Health Care-Associated Infection: Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Clostridium difficile Infection.","display_name":"Preventing Health Care-Associated Infection: Development of a Clinical Prediction Rule for Clostridium difficile Infection.","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W21837618","mag":"21837618"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/89642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89642","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89642","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030749281","display_name":"Greta L. Krapohl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-1433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-1433"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Greta L. Krapohl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7409-1433","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030749281"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11288","display_name":"Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11000","display_name":"Infection Control in Healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10218","display_name":"Sepsis Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2706","display_name":"Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-difficile-infection","display_name":"Clostridium difficile infection","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-prediction-rules","display_name":"clinical prediction rules","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-score","display_name":"risk score","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colectomy","display_name":"colectomy","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preoperative-risk-factors","display_name":"preoperative risk factors","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-ventilation","display_name":"mechanical ventilation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient-ischemic-attack","display_name":"transient ischemic attack","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bowel-preparation","display_name":"bowel preparation","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-prophylaxis","display_name":"antibiotic prophylaxis","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-patients","display_name":"surgical patients","score":0.4429999887943268}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994496256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27031090","display_name":"Clostridium difficile","level":3,"score":0.9184999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781381097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5133843","display_name":"Clinical prediction rule","level":2,"score":0.7759397029876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4855365753173828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.41663438081741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.33141976594924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18777531385421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.15132799744606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.0977606475353241}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/89642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89642","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:21837618","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/89642","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:deepblue.lib.umich.edu:2027.42/89642","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89642","pdf_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/89642","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400393","display_name":"Deep Blue (University of Michigan)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","host_organization_name":"University of Michigan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W21837618.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W21837618.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":189,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W45006782","https://openalex.org/W63110344","https://openalex.org/W160718213","https://openalex.org/W187353470","https://openalex.org/W189735604","https://openalex.org/W205730702","https://openalex.org/W1278470311","https://openalex.org/W1511642669","https://openalex.org/W1553922575","https://openalex.org/W1680842844","https://openalex.org/W1833207062","https://openalex.org/W1944505700","https://openalex.org/W1965132179","https://openalex.org/W1965634955","https://openalex.org/W1965988984","https://openalex.org/W1967075193","https://openalex.org/W1968449251","https://openalex.org/W1970343092","https://openalex.org/W1973948212","https://openalex.org/W1977799841","https://openalex.org/W1978134938","https://openalex.org/W1978544914","https://openalex.org/W1984472487","https://openalex.org/W1986824382","https://openalex.org/W1991437594","https://openalex.org/W1991984095","https://openalex.org/W1994193704","https://openalex.org/W1995297662","https://openalex.org/W1996729991","https://openalex.org/W1997357938","https://openalex.org/W1998204658","https://openalex.org/W2000377960","https://openalex.org/W2001280008","https://openalex.org/W2001382451","https://openalex.org/W2003320411","https://openalex.org/W2004746023","https://openalex.org/W2005454287","https://openalex.org/W2006669282","https://openalex.org/W2006989775","https://openalex.org/W2011616347","https://openalex.org/W2014266667","https://openalex.org/W2015140532","https://openalex.org/W2017580141","https://openalex.org/W2019340944","https://openalex.org/W2021613300","https://openalex.org/W2022528978","https://openalex.org/W2023624037","https://openalex.org/W2024887237","https://openalex.org/W2025845963","https://openalex.org/W2026016516","https://openalex.org/W2026223482","https://openalex.org/W2028370057","https://openalex.org/W2028765537","https://openalex.org/W2031101856","https://openalex.org/W2031157763","https://openalex.org/W2031541246","https://openalex.org/W2031909807","https://openalex.org/W2036225166","https://openalex.org/W2037195555","https://openalex.org/W2037353735","https://openalex.org/W2038359626","https://openalex.org/W2041236071","https://openalex.org/W2042905429","https://openalex.org/W2047922146","https://openalex.org/W2049061174","https://openalex.org/W2049155780","https://openalex.org/W2050492472","https://openalex.org/W2051814766","https://openalex.org/W2058059047","https://openalex.org/W2058300586","https://openalex.org/W2058407709","https://openalex.org/W2058500476","https://openalex.org/W2062494466","https://openalex.org/W2064673583","https://openalex.org/W2065525878","https://openalex.org/W2069022588","https://openalex.org/W2070921889","https://openalex.org/W2070928262","https://openalex.org/W2073242542","https://openalex.org/W2075745605","https://openalex.org/W2076888270","https://openalex.org/W2077189127","https://openalex.org/W2079652743","https://openalex.org/W2079841404","https://openalex.org/W2080720897","https://openalex.org/W2081215872","https://openalex.org/W2081532768","https://openalex.org/W2083100221","https://openalex.org/W2083363528","https://openalex.org/W2085560274","https://openalex.org/W2085920306","https://openalex.org/W2089995592","https://openalex.org/W2090337078","https://openalex.org/W2093487930","https://openalex.org/W2095845300","https://openalex.org/W2096489495","https://openalex.org/W2097126338","https://openalex.org/W2098462635","https://openalex.org/W2100940155","https://openalex.org/W2101072842","https://openalex.org/W2101233913","https://openalex.org/W2101237743","https://openalex.org/W2102338584","https://openalex.org/W2102459023","https://openalex.org/W2102557508","https://openalex.org/W2103272135","https://openalex.org/W2103858883","https://openalex.org/W2104255090","https://openalex.org/W2105210843","https://openalex.org/W2106665921","https://openalex.org/W2106818996","https://openalex.org/W2107048829","https://openalex.org/W2107717380","https://openalex.org/W2110574020","https://openalex.org/W2111074581","https://openalex.org/W2111597196","https://openalex.org/W2111990189","https://openalex.org/W2113950929","https://openalex.org/W2115392517","https://openalex.org/W2118276343","https://openalex.org/W2119268411","https://openalex.org/W2119276762","https://openalex.org/W2119561786","https://openalex.org/W2119773036","https://openalex.org/W2119853161","https://openalex.org/W2124704085","https://openalex.org/W2124909692","https://openalex.org/W2125156390","https://openalex.org/W2127283488","https://openalex.org/W2129883693","https://openalex.org/W2132958188","https://openalex.org/W2135164316","https://openalex.org/W2135166725","https://openalex.org/W2135344395","https://openalex.org/W2136264102","https://openalex.org/W2140154701","https://openalex.org/W2140412456","https://openalex.org/W2141265180","https://openalex.org/W2141545748","https://openalex.org/W2144529399","https://openalex.org/W2145110559","https://openalex.org/W2145779362","https://openalex.org/W2147511770","https://openalex.org/W2147663830","https://openalex.org/W2148346602","https://openalex.org/W2149675013","https://openalex.org/W2150064235","https://openalex.org/W2151476382","https://openalex.org/W2152015359","https://openalex.org/W2152575922","https://openalex.org/W2154091695","https://openalex.org/W2154128845","https://openalex.org/W2155268538","https://openalex.org/W2156522255","https://openalex.org/W2157701750","https://openalex.org/W2157715904","https://openalex.org/W2158015670","https://openalex.org/W2158454931","https://openalex.org/W2159078156","https://openalex.org/W2163423623","https://openalex.org/W2166223093","https://openalex.org/W2166660180","https://openalex.org/W2168586578","https://openalex.org/W2168908910","https://openalex.org/W2170984165","https://openalex.org/W2172206840","https://openalex.org/W2184915840","https://openalex.org/W2187790984","https://openalex.org/W2197686966","https://openalex.org/W2198612458","https://openalex.org/W2235300973","https://openalex.org/W2260651821","https://openalex.org/W2315016925","https://openalex.org/W2318021350","https://openalex.org/W2318911370","https://openalex.org/W2335301561","https://openalex.org/W2412358393","https://openalex.org/W2416037589","https://openalex.org/W2462143012","https://openalex.org/W2497749396","https://openalex.org/W2504922749","https://openalex.org/W2597358002","https://openalex.org/W2613785804","https://openalex.org/W2966055377","https://openalex.org/W2982712704","https://openalex.org/W4231892196","https://openalex.org/W4236269245","https://openalex.org/W4293242440","https://openalex.org/W4296146148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2343663262","https://openalex.org/W2750669675","https://openalex.org/W1954938267","https://openalex.org/W4405556036","https://openalex.org/W2903289280","https://openalex.org/W2897290490","https://openalex.org/W2017617820","https://openalex.org/W2025617774","https://openalex.org/W2038359626","https://openalex.org/W2012211870"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Introduction:":[0],"The":[1,62,142,161,236],"incidence":[2],"of":[3,23,64,79,115,145,171,185,200,261,286,306],"Clostridium":[4,52,80,94,125,191,210,262,307],"difficile":[5,53,81,95,126,192,211,263,308],"infection":[6,127,264,318],"has":[7],"been":[8],"steadily":[9],"rising,":[10],"growing":[11],"in":[12,18,109,265],"virulence,":[13],"and":[14,21,55,70,87,92,179,197,252,276,319],"demonstrating":[15],"an":[16,229,283],"increase":[17],"the":[19,24,77,157,168,172,218,221,239,303],"severity":[20],"morbidity":[22],"disease.":[25],"A":[26,183,213],"clinical":[27,59,73,158,214,298],"prediction":[28,74,159,215,299],"rule":[29,75,300],"(risk":[30],"score),":[31],"applied":[32],"early":[33],"in,":[34],"or":[35],"prior":[36],"to,":[37],"hospitalization":[38],"is":[39],"a":[40,72,129,137,151,198,201,225,297,312],"strategy":[41,315],"to":[42,68,155,270,301,316],"identify":[43],"vulnerable":[44,321],"patients,":[45],"target":[46],"preventative":[47],"interventions,":[48,294],"improve":[49],"outcomes":[50],"for":[51,76,99,103],"infection,":[54,309],"translate":[56],"evidence":[57],"into":[58,136,150],"practice.":[60],"Objectives:":[61],"purpose":[63],"this":[65,146,266,290],"research":[66],"was":[67,244,279],"develop":[69,156],"validate":[71],"risk":[78,119,232,285,304],"infection.":[82,193,212],"Methods:":[83],"Between":[84],"August":[85],"2007":[86],"June":[88],"2009,":[89],"preoperative":[90,117,258],"variables":[91,122,219,260],"positive":[93],"assays":[96],"were":[97,134,148,206],"collected":[98],"adult":[100],"patients":[101,176,187],"admitted":[102],"surgical":[104],"colectomy":[105,178],"from":[106,220,289],"24":[107],"hospitals":[108],"Michigan.":[110],"After":[111],"performing":[112],"univariate":[113],"analysis":[114,166],"36":[116],"patient":[118,231,322],"factors,":[120],"significant":[121,257],"associated":[123,208,281],"with":[124,209,228,275,282],"at":[128],"p":[130],"value":[131],"\u2264":[132,234],".15":[133],"advanced":[135],"binary":[138],"logistic":[139],"regression":[140,143],"model.":[141],"coefficients":[144],"model":[147],"translated":[149],"weighted":[152],"scoring":[153],"system":[154],"rule.":[160],"receiver":[162,240],"operating":[163,241],"characteristic":[164,242],"curve":[165,243],"evaluated":[167],"predictive":[169,259],"accuracy":[170],"score.":[173],"Results:":[174],"2274":[175],"underwent":[177],"fulfilled":[180],"inclusion":[181],"criteria.":[182],"total":[184],"55":[186],"(2.4%":[188],"overall)":[189],"developed":[190],"Mechanical":[194],"ventilation":[195],"(p=.012)":[196],"history":[199],"transient":[202],"ischemic":[203],"attack":[204],"(p=.042)":[205],"independently":[207],"rule,":[216],"including":[217],"final":[222],"model,":[223],"demonstrated":[224],"larger":[226],"score":[227],"increased":[230,284],"(p":[233],".01).":[235],"area":[237],"under":[238],"0.628":[245],"(95%":[246],"CI":[247],".550":[248],"-.706).":[249],"Conclusions:":[250],"Pulmonary":[251],"neurological":[253],"morbidities":[254],"emerged":[255],"as":[256,296],"cohort.":[267],"In":[268],"contrast":[269],"previous":[271],"studies,":[272],"bowel":[273],"preparation,":[274],"without":[277],"antibiotics,":[278],"not":[280],"CDI.":[287],"Findings":[288],"study":[291],"suggest":[292],"pathogen-directed":[293],"such":[295],"quantify":[302],"factors":[305],"may":[310],"offer":[311],"promising":[313],"adjunctive":[314],"reduce":[317],"protect":[320],"populations.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}