{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183750188","doi":null,"title":"LDL-cholesterol and coronary artery disease: where we've been, where we're going","display_name":"LDL-cholesterol and coronary artery disease: where we've been, where we're going","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183750188","mag":"2183750188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2183750188","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.viamedica.pl/folia_cardiologica/article/download/24563/19655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113843553","display_name":"Andrew D. Sumner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andrew D. Sumner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113843553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11618","display_name":"Cholesterol and Lipid Metabolism","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1303","display_name":"Biochemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-cholesterol","display_name":"LDL cholesterol","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atherosclerosis","display_name":"atherosclerosis","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statins","display_name":"statins","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslipidemia","display_name":"dyslipidemia","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperlipidemia","display_name":"hyperlipidemia","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk","display_name":"cardiovascular risk","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-cholesterol-education-program","display_name":"National Cholesterol Education Program","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggressive-lipid-lowering-therapy","display_name":"aggressive lipid-lowering therapy","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammation-in-atherosclerosis","display_name":"inflammation in atherosclerosis","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/myocardial-infarction","display_name":"myocardial infarction","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiac-mortality","display_name":"cardiac mortality","score":0.75}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.859371542930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.796324610710144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.5898651480674744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779091943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1079120","display_name":"Hyperlipidemia","level":3,"score":0.5857783555984497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5590255856513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.4739779829978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4655829966068268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.45265430212020874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778402494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599756","display_name":"National Cholesterol Education Program","level":4,"score":0.447208970785141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4318591356277466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779073485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762713","display_name":"High cholesterol","level":3,"score":0.4152030944824219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.1959795355796814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.1266065239906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.070168137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.05601510405540466}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2183750188","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.viamedica.pl/folia_cardiologica/article/download/24563/19655","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9922999739646912,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10133772","https://openalex.org/W38523360","https://openalex.org/W1512142165","https://openalex.org/W1512144932","https://openalex.org/W1857052429","https://openalex.org/W1982444046","https://openalex.org/W1983736070","https://openalex.org/W1994076669","https://openalex.org/W2003185073","https://openalex.org/W2011277263","https://openalex.org/W2017347652","https://openalex.org/W2018715171","https://openalex.org/W2022109882","https://openalex.org/W2024276638","https://openalex.org/W2042867988","https://openalex.org/W2052176508","https://openalex.org/W2057248065","https://openalex.org/W2061755142","https://openalex.org/W2072340029","https://openalex.org/W2085728170","https://openalex.org/W2089900480","https://openalex.org/W2091131067","https://openalex.org/W2101092993","https://openalex.org/W2101393751","https://openalex.org/W2109397913","https://openalex.org/W2110185147","https://openalex.org/W2129750583","https://openalex.org/W2137570167","https://openalex.org/W2155598961","https://openalex.org/W2156255102","https://openalex.org/W2166878032","https://openalex.org/W2322095705","https://openalex.org/W2324841714","https://openalex.org/W2331274940","https://openalex.org/W2331959986","https://openalex.org/W2738618489","https://openalex.org/W4245512005","https://openalex.org/W4246764494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027378911","https://openalex.org/W2090576731","https://openalex.org/W4231843655","https://openalex.org/W77296636","https://openalex.org/W2268910670","https://openalex.org/W2293512809","https://openalex.org/W2074855794","https://openalex.org/W4251775907","https://openalex.org/W178552413","https://openalex.org/W86994189"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,139],"developed":[1],"world":[2],"is":[3,144,191],"experiencing":[4],"an":[5,210],"epidemic":[6,60],"of":[7,43,65,68,82,136,141,150,159,180,195],"coronary":[8,203],"artery":[9,204],"disease":[10,212],"(CAD).":[11],"In":[12],"the":[13,66,80,93,97,157,185],"United":[14],"States":[15],"alone":[16],"more":[17,177],"than":[18,182],"10":[19],"million":[20,28],"people":[21,29],"have":[22,84,106],"symptomatic":[23],"CAD":[24,56,71,129,198],"and":[25,70,74,119,123,130,152,167,199,202],"approximately":[26],"1.5":[27],"present":[30],"with":[31,47,111,127,197],"new":[32],"myocardial":[33],"infarctions":[34],"yearly,":[35],"causing":[36],"500,000":[37],"deaths":[38],"[1].":[39,57],"monetary":[41],"implications":[42],"this":[44,59,142],"are":[45,133],"staggering,":[46],"over":[48],"90":[49],"billion":[50],"dollars":[51],"being":[52],"spent":[53],"annually":[54],"on":[55],"As":[58],"has":[61,72],"progressed,":[62],"our":[63,147],"understanding":[64,149],"process":[67],"atherosclerosis":[69,83],"changed":[73],"expanded.":[75],"Paralleling":[76],"these":[77],"advances":[78],"in":[79,125],"pathobiology":[81],"been":[85],"data":[86,173],"showing":[87],"that":[88,108,175],"medical":[89,109],"treatments":[90],"effectively":[91],"diminish":[92],"atherosclerotic":[94],"process.":[95],"Over":[96],"last":[98],"decade,":[99],"multiple":[100],"randomized":[101],"double":[102],"blind":[103],"clinical":[104,171],"trials":[105],"shown":[107],"treatment":[110,179],"HMG-CoA":[112],"reductase":[113],"inhibitors":[114],"(statins)":[115],"significantly":[116],"lowers":[117],"LDL-cholesterol":[118,151,181],"reduces":[120],"cardiac":[121,165],"mortality":[122],"morbidity":[124],"patients":[126,196],"known":[128],"those":[131],"who":[132],"at":[134],"risk":[135],"developing":[137],"it.":[138],"purpose":[140],"article":[143],"to":[145,156,209],"review":[146],"current":[148,186],"how":[153,161,168],"it":[154],"contributes":[155],"development":[158],"CAD;":[160],"different":[162],"dyslipidemias":[163],"affect":[164],"risk;":[166],"recently":[169],"reported":[170],"trial":[172],"suggest":[174],"even":[176],"aggressive":[178],"recommended":[183],"by":[184],"National":[187],"Cholesterol":[188,201],"Education":[189],"Program":[190],"indicated":[192],"for":[193],"management":[194],"hyperlipidemia.":[200],"disease:":[205],"from":[206],"clogged":[207],"arteries":[208],"inflammatory":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}