{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183665882","doi":null,"title":"Knowledge, growth without scale effects, and the product life cycle","display_name":"Knowledge, growth without scale effects, and the product life cycle","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183665882","mag":"2183665882"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2183665882","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=6079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070354426","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 van Hoorn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-3169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-3169"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 van Hoorn","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8443-3169","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070354426"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14143","display_name":"Economic and Technological Innovation","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-based-growth","display_name":"R&D-based growth","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-spillovers","display_name":"knowledge spillovers","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-effects","display_name":"scale effects","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-life-cycle","display_name":"product life cycle","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-distance","display_name":"technological distance","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-stock","display_name":"knowledge stock","score":0.40799999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/per-capita-income-growth","display_name":"per capita income growth","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-shifts","display_name":"demand changes","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-decline","display_name":"product decline","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6726121306419373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5759134292602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017912452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Scale effects","level":3,"score":0.57326740026474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165083353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282942","display_name":"Returns to scale","level":3,"score":0.5640665888786316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166052673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83021","display_name":"Empirical evidence","level":2,"score":0.4768874943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.45457547903060913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127598652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558635","display_name":"Per capita","level":3,"score":0.43855929374694824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.43664199113845825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.40086251497268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.37455475330352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2550797462463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15200212597846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.15169617533683777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.12278944253921509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.1219886839389801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.09142449498176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2183665882","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=6079","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":192,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19504023","https://openalex.org/W95742422","https://openalex.org/W138217162","https://openalex.org/W205938281","https://openalex.org/W295387838","https://openalex.org/W564288151","https://openalex.org/W626243750","https://openalex.org/W1479827809","https://openalex.org/W1485676192","https://openalex.org/W1486942376","https://openalex.org/W1495507237","https://openalex.org/W1504120046","https://openalex.org/W1506367056","https://openalex.org/W1528124297","https://openalex.org/W1534020215","https://openalex.org/W1534143563","https://openalex.org/W1544616941","https://openalex.org/W1545716097","https://openalex.org/W1555432431","https://openalex.org/W1557417872","https://openalex.org/W1561438477","https://openalex.org/W1563368276","https://openalex.org/W1564393333","https://openalex.org/W1569747890","https://openalex.org/W1569924848","https://openalex.org/W1572691573","https://openalex.org/W1574419499","https://openalex.org/W1576003423","https://openalex.org/W1597440828","https://openalex.org/W1597566404","https://openalex.org/W1650431508","https://openalex.org/W1889822657","https://openalex.org/W1964142439","https://openalex.org/W1965456678","https://openalex.org/W1966020720","https://openalex.org/W1967412017","https://openalex.org/W1969227989","https://openalex.org/W1970466444","https://openalex.org/W1971782430","https://openalex.org/W1976268629","https://openalex.org/W1977307460","https://openalex.org/W1978282661","https://openalex.org/W1979524874","https://openalex.org/W1980407607","https://openalex.org/W1980604649","https://openalex.org/W1981132076","https://openalex.org/W1981556394","https://openalex.org/W1987319415","https://openalex.org/W1990333450","https://openalex.org/W1990640445","https://openalex.org/W1993191426","https://openalex.org/W1993394022","https://openalex.org/W1996482653","https://openalex.org/W1998891651","https://openalex.org/W1999130476","https://openalex.org/W1999886733","https://openalex.org/W2000136704","https://openalex.org/W2001014246","https://openalex.org/W2002328226","https://openalex.org/W2002576081","https://openalex.org/W2002816474","https://openalex.org/W2004168327","https://openalex.org/W2005144066","https://openalex.org/W2006484379","https://openalex.org/W2008268713","https://openalex.org/W2008371481","https://openalex.org/W2009390527","https://openalex.org/W2010905141","https://openalex.org/W2011062065","https://openalex.org/W2013915050","https://openalex.org/W2015803371","https://openalex.org/W2016587436","https://openalex.org/W2020198987","https://openalex.org/W2021292353","https://openalex.org/W2026049404","https://openalex.org/W2026109712","https://openalex.org/W2026642336","https://openalex.org/W2027117074","https://openalex.org/W2028900375","https://openalex.org/W2029335812","https://openalex.org/W2029375715","https://openalex.org/W2030216343","https://openalex.org/W2031322351","https://openalex.org/W2031961705","https://openalex.org/W2032961626","https://openalex.org/W2034241016","https://openalex.org/W2035638978","https://openalex.org/W2036038516","https://openalex.org/W2036429335","https://openalex.org/W2036963214","https://openalex.org/W2041540949","https://openalex.org/W2042637616","https://openalex.org/W2043553350","https://openalex.org/W2044328959","https://openalex.org/W2045685631","https://openalex.org/W2048584714","https://openalex.org/W2049160794","https://openalex.org/W2049324641","https://openalex.org/W2052139061","https://openalex.org/W2052871325","https://openalex.org/W2057207144","https://openalex.org/W2058389681","https://openalex.org/W2061067345","https://openalex.org/W2066487444","https://openalex.org/W2067409746","https://openalex.org/W2068967616","https://openalex.org/W2068994595","https://openalex.org/W2070631858","https://openalex.org/W2070936194","https://openalex.org/W2071249181","https://openalex.org/W2073438242","https://openalex.org/W2075089944","https://openalex.org/W2075315047","https://openalex.org/W2077588136","https://openalex.org/W2079918498","https://openalex.org/W2080476054","https://openalex.org/W2081291829","https://openalex.org/W2088782929","https://openalex.org/W2089295353","https://openalex.org/W2092850799","https://openalex.org/W2093356448","https://openalex.org/W2096583272","https://openalex.org/W2098628243","https://openalex.org/W2098861776","https://openalex.org/W2099268311","https://openalex.org/W2100219112","https://openalex.org/W2100675917","https://openalex.org/W2100710524","https://openalex.org/W2105106514","https://openalex.org/W2111465968","https://openalex.org/W2112484287","https://openalex.org/W2115999490","https://openalex.org/W2121465295","https://openalex.org/W2123203571","https://openalex.org/W2124604198","https://openalex.org/W2126239942","https://openalex.org/W2126265434","https://openalex.org/W2128258933","https://openalex.org/W2130199793","https://openalex.org/W2135947945","https://openalex.org/W2137358449","https://openalex.org/W2138616178","https://openalex.org/W2140409505","https://openalex.org/W2142353537","https://openalex.org/W2144417994","https://openalex.org/W2150601860","https://openalex.org/W2150606840","https://openalex.org/W2152073788","https://openalex.org/W2164141257","https://openalex.org/W2168605160","https://openalex.org/W2171486131","https://openalex.org/W2172206048","https://openalex.org/W2315598655","https://openalex.org/W2318365062","https://openalex.org/W2321424948","https://openalex.org/W2339066193","https://openalex.org/W2343918310","https://openalex.org/W2566782160","https://openalex.org/W2753225025","https://openalex.org/W2889872593","https://openalex.org/W2890833508","https://openalex.org/W2891899303","https://openalex.org/W2891943661","https://openalex.org/W2892168170","https://openalex.org/W2990324684","https://openalex.org/W3021203231","https://openalex.org/W3023136887","https://openalex.org/W3023311111","https://openalex.org/W3023499496","https://openalex.org/W3121131820","https://openalex.org/W3121411227","https://openalex.org/W3121537542","https://openalex.org/W3121707495","https://openalex.org/W3121936984","https://openalex.org/W3122151187","https://openalex.org/W3122502280","https://openalex.org/W3122662008","https://openalex.org/W3122738472","https://openalex.org/W3122748457","https://openalex.org/W3123271837","https://openalex.org/W3123379813","https://openalex.org/W3123850974","https://openalex.org/W3124092748","https://openalex.org/W3124140110","https://openalex.org/W3124190931","https://openalex.org/W3124659153","https://openalex.org/W3124745292","https://openalex.org/W3125379269","https://openalex.org/W3125883168","https://openalex.org/W3125986115","https://openalex.org/W3208954639","https://openalex.org/W3209261387"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126239942","https://openalex.org/W2754208032","https://openalex.org/W2343918310","https://openalex.org/W2186633547","https://openalex.org/W3121218124","https://openalex.org/W7112206864","https://openalex.org/W2061666262","https://openalex.org/W7095122051","https://openalex.org/W2509454191","https://openalex.org/W2171486131"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,548],"the":[1,59,63,76,85,120,123,153,159,168,196,198,213,271,283,287,292,309,324,338,342,346,355,384,395,405,414,417,432,443,466,471,477,508,519,562,578,591,596,603,614,627,654,667,671,677,688,725,743,754,769,794,817,828],"early":[2,48],"models":[3,49,107,820],"of":[4,78,88,108,122,155,162,212,274,296,327,344,416,434,445,511,580,602,616,629,637,666,690,727,750,756],"R&D-based":[5,109],"growth,":[6,682],"knowledge\u2019s":[7,127,246],"nonrivalrous":[8,228,247,302],"nature":[9,248],"gives":[10],"rise":[11,70,305,675,746],"to":[12,18,105,147,170,204,266,290,306,366,380,400,413,513,612,676,698,747,759,808],"spillovers":[13,124,218,243,307],"which":[14,57,112,201,341,403],"in":[15,56,71,81,111,134,317,387,394,431,442,486,504,659,707,732,763],"turn":[16,733],"lead":[17],"a":[19,68,182,267,328,334,490,494,555,650,699,708,802],"scale":[20,42,114,164,175,231,315,335,556,651,812,825],"effect,":[21,336],"i.e.":[22,261,337,421,721],"larger":[23],"economies,":[24],"suitably":[25],"measured,":[26],"grow":[27],"faster":[28],"than":[29,393,816],"smaller":[30],"economies":[31],"do.":[32,821],"Empirical":[33],"work":[34,187,215],"has,":[35],"however,":[36,130],"pointed":[37],"out":[38],"that":[39,138,150,188,217,222,241,255,311,322,450,474,497,571,620,623,673,804],"growth":[40,86,110,113,163,173,230,330,353,475,495,551,646,723,810,823],"with":[41,52,126,270,308,411,493],"effects":[43,115,165,232,258,281,813],"as":[44,461],"predicted":[45],"by":[46,118,482,589],"these":[47],"is":[50,132,146,216,224,238,313,321,364,391,423,473,498,518,569,661],"inconsistent":[51],"observed":[53,160],"economic":[54],"reality":[55],"over":[58,323,350,362,371,501],"last":[60],"40":[61],"years":[62],"OECD":[64],"countries":[65,626],"have":[66,91,97,409,790,800],"experienced":[67],"tremendous":[69],"population,":[72],"total":[73],"GDP":[74],"and":[75,96,166,192,221,254,303,382,531,567,704,717,724,736,741,775,781,827],"number":[77],"people":[79,593],"involved":[80],"R&D":[82,715,739],"activities":[83],"whereas":[84],"rates":[87],"per-capita":[89,638],"income":[90,691],"shown":[92,622],"no":[93,314,761],"corresponding":[94],"increase":[95,361],"actually":[98,332],"remained":[99],"relatively":[100],"constant.":[101,618],"This":[102,143],"observation":[103],"led":[104],"new":[106,514,539,572,728],"are":[116,202,219,233,249,259,264],"removed":[117],"limiting":[119],"extent":[121],"associated":[125,467],"nonrivalrousness.":[128],"Generally,":[129],"this":[131,178,208,505,544,549,641],"done":[133],"an":[135],"unearned":[136],"way":[137,744],"lacks":[139],"much-needed":[140],"(micro-)economic":[141],"foundation.":[142],"thesis\u2019":[144],"objective":[145],"gather":[148],"clues":[149],"help":[151],"further":[152],"understanding":[154],"(the":[156],"mechanism":[157,285],"underlying)":[158],"absence":[161],"enhance":[167],"ability":[169,343],"credibly":[171,815],"model":[172,809],"without":[174,811,824],"effects.":[176],"For":[177],"purpose":[179],"it":[180],"takes":[181],"closer":[183],"look":[184],"at":[185,194,340,354,424,476,653],"empirical":[186,214],"reports":[189],"on":[190,207],"regularities":[191],"phenomena":[193],"both":[195],"microand":[197],"macro":[199],"level":[200,357,479,579,615,628,656,689],"expected":[203],"provide":[205],"insight":[206],"mechanism.":[209],"The":[210,319,643],"tenor":[211],"existent":[220],"knowledge":[223,297,406,422,429,452,757],"(at":[225,299],"least":[226,300,425],"partly)":[227,301],"(but":[229],"absent":[234],"nonetheless).":[235],"However,":[236,561],"there":[237,312],"also":[239,583,799],"evidence":[240],"(i)":[242],"resulting":[244],"from":[245,377,595,768],"diluted":[250],"through":[251],"technological":[252,401,529,705,719],"distance,":[253,402],"(ii)":[256],"life-cycle":[257],"important,":[260],"(many)":[262],"products":[263,390,398,542,573,606,760],"subjected":[265],"life":[268,325,669,678,796,830],"cycle":[269,326,831],"well-known":[272],"phases":[273],"take-off,":[275],"maturity":[276],"and,":[277],"eventually,":[278],"decline.":[279],"Life-cycle":[280],"form":[282],"main":[284],"behind":[286],"proposed":[288],"solution":[289],"reconciling":[291],"seemingly":[293],"contradictory":[294],"findings":[295],"being":[298],"giving":[304,745],"fact":[310],"effect":[316,557,652],"growth.":[318],"idea":[320],"product":[329,347,379,468,668,795,829],"might":[331,607],"exhibit":[333,554,649],"rate":[339,496],"producing":[345],"grows,":[348],"increases":[349,484,545,636],"time.":[351,502],"That":[352,428],"aggregate":[356,478,655],"nonetheless":[358],"does":[359,647],"not":[360,553,575,632,648,791],"time":[363,372],"due":[365,399],"two":[367],"important":[368],"effects:":[369],"(1)":[370],"demand":[373,462,512,537,566,703,735],"(consumption)":[374],"continuously":[375],"shifts":[376],"one":[378],"another,":[381],"(2)":[383],"economy\u2019s":[385],"productivity":[386,681,722],"newly":[388,604],"consumed":[389,397,419,436,447,598],"lower":[392],"previously":[396,418,435,597],"dilutes":[404],"stock":[407],"firms":[408],"built":[410],"regard":[412],"production":[415,433,444,772],"products,":[420,731],"partly":[426],"product-specific.":[427],"used":[430,807],"goods":[437,448],"has":[438,621,631],"only":[439,535,576,792],"limited":[440],"usefulness":[441],"currently":[446,818],"means":[449],"(product-specific)":[451],"loses":[453],"its":[454],"value":[455],"(i.e.":[456,778],"depreciates":[457],"or":[458],"becomes":[459],"obsolete)":[460],"(and":[463],"price)":[464],"for":[465,587,624],"decline(s).":[469],"Ultimately":[470],"result":[472],"(as":[480],"measured":[481,485],"output":[483],"monetary":[487],"units)":[488],"follows":[489],"steady":[491],"path":[492],"roughly":[499],"constant":[500],"Important":[503],"mechanism,":[506],"besides":[507],"continuous":[509],"shift":[510,536],"(recently":[515],"introduced)":[516],"goods,":[517],"complex":[520],"interaction":[521],"between":[522,564,702],"factors":[523,672,712],"like":[524],"consumer":[525],"preferences,":[526,687],"demand,":[527],"income,":[528,565,639],"progress":[530,706],"well-being.":[532],"People":[533],"will":[534],"towards":[538],"(more":[540],"expensive)":[541],"if":[543],"their":[546],"wellbeing.":[547],"way,":[550],"may":[552],"while":[558],"well-being":[559,568,581,617,630],"does.":[560],"relation":[563],"such":[570],"do":[574],"influence":[577,713],"but":[582,798],"somehow":[584],"diminish":[585],"well-being,":[586],"instance":[588],"diminishing":[590],"utility":[592],"derive":[594],"(older)":[599],"products.":[600],"Consumption":[601],"introduced":[605],"then":[608],"be":[609,695,806],"needed":[610],"just":[611],"keep":[613],"Work":[619],"several":[625,748,788],"increased,":[633],"despite":[634],"enormous":[635],"confirms":[640],"idea.":[642],"reason":[644],"why":[645],"consequently":[657,718],"lies":[658],"what":[660],"here":[662],"labeled":[663],"\u2018the":[664],"endogeneity":[665],"cycle\u2019:":[670],"give":[674],"cycle,":[679,797],"e.g.":[680,753],"monotonically":[683],"declining":[684],"prices,":[685],"shifting":[686],"etc.,":[692],"can":[693],"all":[694],"traced":[696],"back":[697],"two-way":[700],"causality":[701],"broad":[709],"sense.":[710],"Demand":[711],"firms\u2019":[714],"efforts":[716],"progress,":[720],"introduction":[726],"and/or":[729],"improved":[730],"affecting":[734],"indeed":[737],"future":[738],"activities,":[740],"along":[742],"forms":[749],"creative":[751],"destruction,":[752],"obsolescence":[755],"specific":[758],"longer":[762],"demand.":[764],"By":[765],"distancing":[766],"themselves":[767],"standard":[770],"Dixit-Stiglitz":[771],"function":[773],"(Dixit":[774],"Stiglitz":[776],"1977)":[777],"homothetic":[779],"preferences)":[780],"instead":[782],"using":[783],"so-called":[784],"hierarchic":[785],"(nonhomothetic)":[786],"preferences":[787],"researchers":[789],"endogenized":[793],"provided":[801],"framework":[803],"could":[805],"more":[814],"existing":[819],"Knowledge,":[822],"effects,":[826],"2":[832]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}