{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183581533","doi":null,"title":"Bias measuring mortality gradients by occupational class in New Zealand.","display_name":"Bias measuring mortality gradients by occupational class in New Zealand.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183581533","mag":"2183581533","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15682206"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15682206","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15682206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Zealand medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038674257","display_name":"Tony A Blakely","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-4369","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6995-4369","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3334-7353"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80281795","display_name":"University of Otago","ror":"https://ror.org/01jmxt844","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tony Blakely","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington. tblakely@wnmeds.ac.nz","Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington. tblakely@wnmeds.ac.nz","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, Wellington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80281795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111925399","display_name":"Jackie Fawcett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jackie Fawcett","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0578,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78077615,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"118","issue":"1208","first_page":"U1253","last_page":"U1253"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.8720999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14374","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Epidemiology","score":0.028999999165534973,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10556","display_name":"Global Cancer Incidence and Screening","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-inequalities-in-mortality","display_name":"socioeconomic inequalities in mortality","score":0.722000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-class","display_name":"occupational class","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-linkage","display_name":"data linkage","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-classification","display_name":"occupational classification","score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-gradient","display_name":"mortality gradient","score":0.4569999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.9672539234161377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6663778424263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142210648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1266546","display_name":"Record linkage","level":3,"score":0.5983806848526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147077947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1515895","display_name":"Socioeconomic status","level":3,"score":0.5595918297767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.5319842100143433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110888244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187588","display_name":"Social class","level":2,"score":0.47840389609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4622739255428314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4307861030101776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.33066534996032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008498","descriptor_name":"Medical Record Linkage","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009520","descriptor_name":"New Zealand","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009790","descriptor_name":"Occupations","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012923","descriptor_name":"Social Class","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015982","descriptor_name":"Bias","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15682206","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15682206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The New Zealand medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2183581533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15682206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7307999730110168},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.428600013256073}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105441056","https://openalex.org/W1736533851","https://openalex.org/W1979929979","https://openalex.org/W1980141602","https://openalex.org/W1981257042","https://openalex.org/W1992932804","https://openalex.org/W1994163540","https://openalex.org/W2039649104","https://openalex.org/W2046895884","https://openalex.org/W2052654293","https://openalex.org/W2058996266","https://openalex.org/W2071936401","https://openalex.org/W2091190661","https://openalex.org/W2112543384","https://openalex.org/W2114793173","https://openalex.org/W2116335367","https://openalex.org/W2121501762","https://openalex.org/W2129360570","https://openalex.org/W2143457833","https://openalex.org/W2147331411","https://openalex.org/W2150476512","https://openalex.org/W2166937897","https://openalex.org/W2195284721","https://openalex.org/W2278696425","https://openalex.org/W2294846094","https://openalex.org/W2335672608","https://openalex.org/W2402293416","https://openalex.org/W2613114832","https://openalex.org/W2621110426"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1992932804","https://openalex.org/W2262525739","https://openalex.org/W2130663604","https://openalex.org/W2316409641","https://openalex.org/W2183106221","https://openalex.org/W6980778067","https://openalex.org/W2106588937","https://openalex.org/W2125373064","https://openalex.org/W2417750836","https://openalex.org/W2141444404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Socioeconomic":[1],"differences":[2,81,317],"in":[3,5,54,82,96,145,300,311,353],"mortality":[4,16,52,91,103,173,179,196,279,309,316,355],"New":[6,56,312],"Zealand":[7,57,313],"have":[8],"traditionally":[9],"been":[10],"measured":[11],"using":[12,104,114,237,347],"occupational":[13,86,258,267,304,348],"class":[14,28,87,101,189,268,277,305,319,349],"from":[15,29,223],"data":[17,31,53,65,174,193,240,255,284,294,310],"(based":[18],"on":[19,34,128,166,172,191,253,306],"usual":[20,266],"or":[21,339],"last":[22],"occupation)":[23],"as":[24,37,188],"the":[25,38,55,83,97,111,146,242,262,274,288,301],"numerator,":[26],"and":[27,51,90,108,134,148,292,308],"census":[30,35,50,89,129,152,167,177,192,232,307],"(current":[32],"occupation":[33,164],"night)":[36],"denominator.":[39],"Such":[40],"analyses":[41,62,236],"are":[42,335],"prone":[43,74],"to":[44,75,93,109,137,170,178,195,201,206,230,247,281,350],"numerator-denominator":[45,69],"bias.":[46],"Record":[47],"linkage":[48],"of":[49,63,85,100,140,159,181,198,213,249,265,273,276,303,333],"Census-Mortality":[58],"Study":[59],"(NZCMS)":[60],"allows":[61],"'linked'":[64],"that":[66,235,327],"will":[67],"avoid":[68],"bias,":[70,346],"but":[71],"may":[72,357],"be":[73,358],"other":[76,202],"biases.":[77],"OBJECTIVES:":[78],"To":[79],"determine":[80],"assignment":[84],"between":[88],"data;":[92,107],"investigate":[94],"biases":[95,328],"observed":[98],"association":[99,113,264,275],"with":[102,269,278,322],"linked":[105,117,136,160,229,238,282],"census-mortality":[106,118,239,283],"compare":[110],"class-mortality":[112,243],"unlinked":[115,293],"versus":[116],"data.":[119],"METHODS:":[120],"Census":[121],"records":[122],"for":[123,287,329,345],"males":[124],"aged":[125],"25-64":[126],"years":[127,150],"night":[130],"1991":[131],"were":[132,186,295],"anonymously":[133],"probabilistically":[135],"5,844":[138],"out":[139],"8,145":[141],"eligible":[142],"deaths":[143,161,185,217],"occurring":[144],"second":[147],"third":[149],"following":[151],"night.":[153],"RESULTS:":[154],"(by":[155],"objective)":[156],"Only":[157],"47%":[158],"had":[162],"an":[163],"recorded":[165],"data,":[168],"compared":[169,200],"84%":[171],"-":[175],"a":[176,231],"ratio":[180,197],"0.56.":[182],"Relatively":[183],"fewer":[184],"identified":[187],"4":[190],"(census":[194],"0.45)":[199],"classes":[203,226],"(ratios":[204],"0.55":[205],"0.64).":[207],"Linkage":[208],"bias:":[209],"A":[210],"lower":[211,224],"likelihood":[212],"25-44":[214],"year":[215,221],"old":[216],"(but":[218],"not":[219],"45-64":[220],"olds)":[222],"socioeconomic":[225,354],"being":[227],"successfully":[228],"record":[233],"meant":[234],"underestimated":[241,261],"association.":[244],"Bias":[245],"due":[246],"exclusion":[248],"economically":[250],"inactive:":[251],"Analyses":[252],"linked-census":[254],"(using":[256],"current":[257],"class)":[259],"considerably":[260],"estimated":[263],"mortality.":[270],"The":[271],"strength":[272],"according":[280],"(and":[285],"adjusted":[286],"above":[289],"two":[290],"biases)":[291],"roughly":[296],"comparable.":[297],"CONCLUSION:":[298],"Differences":[299],"recording":[302],"mean":[314],"measuring":[315],"by":[318],"is":[320],"thwart":[321],"difficulty.":[323],"If":[324],"one":[325,340],"assumes":[326],"any":[330],"particular":[331],"method":[332],"analysis":[334],"similar":[336],"over":[337],"time,":[338],"carefully":[341],"adjusts":[342],"where":[343],"possible":[344],"monitor":[351],"trends":[352],"gradients":[356],"valid.":[359]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
