{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183512657","doi":null,"title":"Christmas invented and contested","display_name":"Christmas invented and contested","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183512657","mag":"2183512657"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.library.queensu.ca:1974/7412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7412","pdf_url":"https://queensu.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/fffe24e5-1737-4206-8caf-62f396f9706f/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402568","display_name":"QSpace (Queen's University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","host_organization_name":"Queen's University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://queensu.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/fffe24e5-1737-4206-8caf-62f396f9706f/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087084812","display_name":"Alison Ward","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alison Ward","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087084812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11507","display_name":"Religion and Society Interactions","score":0.8730000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12680","display_name":"Cultural and Mythological Studies","score":0.04179999977350235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1200","display_name":"General Arts and Humanities"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13150","display_name":"Study and Philosophy of Religion","score":0.033399999141693115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christmas","display_name":"Christmas","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invention-of-tradition","display_name":"invention of tradition","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eric-hobsbawm","display_name":"Eric Hobsbawm","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paganism","display_name":"paganism","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christianization","display_name":"Christianization","score":0.46399998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercialization-of-christmas","display_name":"commercialization of Christmas","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secularism","display_name":"secularism","score":0.9810000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiculturalism","display_name":"multiculturalism","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/religious-hybridity","display_name":"religious hybridity","score":0.6539999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christmas-trees","display_name":"Christmas trees","score":0.578000009059906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.37846919894218445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3214643895626068}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.library.queensu.ca:1974/7412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7412","pdf_url":"https://queensu.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/fffe24e5-1737-4206-8caf-62f396f9706f/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402568","display_name":"QSpace (Queen's University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","host_organization_name":"Queen's University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:2183512657","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/1974/7412/1/Alison%20Ward%27s%20MRP%20%28Final%29.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.library.queensu.ca:1974/7412","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1974/7412","pdf_url":"https://queensu.scholaris.ca/bitstreams/fffe24e5-1737-4206-8caf-62f396f9706f/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402568","display_name":"QSpace (Queen's University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","host_organization_name":"Queen's University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2183512657.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2183512657.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W217783","https://openalex.org/W149719424","https://openalex.org/W184231440","https://openalex.org/W425578713","https://openalex.org/W644765998","https://openalex.org/W1499656881","https://openalex.org/W1547607533","https://openalex.org/W1712218800","https://openalex.org/W1716845630","https://openalex.org/W1740692085","https://openalex.org/W1987016873","https://openalex.org/W1992313409","https://openalex.org/W1998940420","https://openalex.org/W2040557824","https://openalex.org/W2051005583","https://openalex.org/W2067055212","https://openalex.org/W2090636301","https://openalex.org/W2094019341","https://openalex.org/W2122382512","https://openalex.org/W2129709339","https://openalex.org/W2168685819","https://openalex.org/W2252117602","https://openalex.org/W2303682658","https://openalex.org/W2410694143","https://openalex.org/W2482629354","https://openalex.org/W2501357641","https://openalex.org/W2502296082","https://openalex.org/W2800268214","https://openalex.org/W2949257177","https://openalex.org/W2970406488","https://openalex.org/W2970430861","https://openalex.org/W3115683727","https://openalex.org/W4231940427"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7212171439","https://openalex.org/W4399026058","https://openalex.org/W80963209","https://openalex.org/W2345486119","https://openalex.org/W4417526508","https://openalex.org/W2303682658","https://openalex.org/W4229554229","https://openalex.org/W4414133721","https://openalex.org/W2593261972","https://openalex.org/W1004901537"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,62],"paper":[1,63,97,181],"analyses":[2],"the":[3,8,28,66,100,126,139,155,165,173,184],"celebration":[4,102],"of":[5,10,14,23,49,125,157,168,186],"Christmas":[6,32,114,128,158,169,187],"through":[7,83],"lens":[9],"Eric":[11],"Hobsbawm\u2019s":[12,36],"theory":[13],"invented":[15,39,82],"tradition,":[16],"as":[17,19,70,103,105,144,160,170,172],"well":[18,104,171],"how":[20],"this":[21,180],"process":[22,85],"invention":[24],"can":[25],"contribute":[26],"to":[27,35,54],"discourse":[29],"on":[30],"contemporary":[31,127],"issues.":[33],"According":[34],"theory,":[37],"an":[38,110],"tradition":[40],"is":[41,60,188],"a":[42,47,71,77,84],"custom":[43],"that":[44,65,86,113,138,183],"purposely":[45],"fabricates":[46],"sense":[48],"historical":[50],"continuity":[51],"and":[52,74,93,134,193,200],"appears":[53],"be":[55,142],"old-fashioned":[56],"even":[57],"when":[58],"it":[59],"new.":[61],"argues":[64],"holiday,":[67],"which":[68],"began":[69],"rowdy":[72],"carnival":[73],"transformed":[75],"into":[76],"quiet":[78],"domestic":[79],"affair,":[80],"was":[81],"combined":[87],"disparate":[88],"elements":[89],"from":[90],"paganism,":[91,131],"Christianity,":[92],"secular":[94,175],"customs.":[95],"The":[96,122],"investigates":[98],"both":[99,164],"initial":[101],"its":[106],"modern":[107,198],"manifestation.":[108],"Such":[109],"analysis":[111],"demonstrates":[112,137],"has":[115],"no":[116],"true,":[117],"standardized,":[118],"or":[119,147,149,151],"infallible":[120],"form.":[121],"subsequent":[123],"examination":[124],"issues":[129],"involving":[130],"commercialism,":[132],"secularism,":[133],"multiculturalism":[135],"accordingly":[136],"holiday":[140],"cannot":[141],"categorized":[143],"fully":[145],"Christian":[146,166],"non-Christian,":[148],"religious":[150],"secular.":[152],"For":[153],"example,":[154],"renaming":[156],"trees":[159],"\u201choliday":[161],"trees\u201d":[162],"suggests":[163],"nature":[167],"celebration\u2019s":[174],"capacity":[176],"for":[177,190],"inclusivity.":[178],"Subsequently,":[179],"concludes":[182],"hybridity":[185],"necessary":[189],"negotiating":[191],"expected":[192],"ostensibly":[194],"clear":[195],"boundaries":[196],"within":[197],"thinking":[199],"society.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
