{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183446567","doi":null,"title":"The development and validation of conceptual and procedural understanding test for integral calculus","display_name":"The development and validation of conceptual and procedural understanding test for integral calculus","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183446567","mag":"2183446567"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2183446567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://maxwellsci.com/print/rjaset/v4-1805-1814.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764376594","display_name":"Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"2040-7459","issn":["2040-7459","2040-7467"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323283981","host_organization_name":"Maxwell Scientific Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323283981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Maxwell Scientific Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108099504","display_name":"Tuan Salwani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4528857","display_name":"University of Kuala Lumpur","ror":"https://ror.org/026wwrx19","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuan Salwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Kuala Lumpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Kuala Lumpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4528857"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041059323","display_name":"Tuan Salwani Salleh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-7529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-7529"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuan Salwani Salleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaching & Learning Innovation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0074-7529","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaching & Learning Innovation","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071875613","display_name":"Effandi Zakaria","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9363-2733","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9363-2733"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Effandi Zakaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaching & Learning Innovation"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9363-2733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaching & Learning Innovation","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66239464,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"12","first_page":"1805","last_page":"1814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.3073999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.3073999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14025","display_name":"Educational Technology and Assessment","score":0.1615999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12522","display_name":"Mathematics Education and Pedagogy","score":0.14030000567436218,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integral-calculus","display_name":"integral calculus","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conceptual-understanding","display_name":"conceptual understanding","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/procedural-understanding","display_name":"procedural understanding","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-achievement-test","display_name":"mathematics achievement test","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-development","display_name":"test development","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-analysis","display_name":"item analysis","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/item-fit-statistics","display_name":"item fit statistics","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-validity","display_name":"content validity","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-students","display_name":"university students","score":0.6669999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6511332392692566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5515621900558472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.5057287216186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.46432891488075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44806328415870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.43719547986984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58916136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1663508","display_name":"Content validity","level":3,"score":0.43045875430107117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.41670161485671997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32386255264282227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.17507344484329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171606756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506132","display_name":"Psychometrics","level":2,"score":0.1640118956565857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.10595342516899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2183446567","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://maxwellsci.com/print/rjaset/v4-1805-1814.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764376594","display_name":"Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology","issn_l":"2040-7459","issn":["2040-7459","2040-7467"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323283981","host_organization_name":"Maxwell Scientific Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323283981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Maxwell Scientific Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Journal of Applied Sciences Engineering and Technology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.7567999958992004}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73810888","https://openalex.org/W164758814","https://openalex.org/W601522459","https://openalex.org/W1543848957","https://openalex.org/W1837111825","https://openalex.org/W1966576448","https://openalex.org/W1977377573","https://openalex.org/W1995617856","https://openalex.org/W2018128233","https://openalex.org/W2038781248","https://openalex.org/W2040699906","https://openalex.org/W2064596699","https://openalex.org/W2094453654","https://openalex.org/W2100000585","https://openalex.org/W2122710331","https://openalex.org/W2126879493","https://openalex.org/W2162821268","https://openalex.org/W2972003036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7172494579","https://openalex.org/W1977377573","https://openalex.org/W4407808778","https://openalex.org/W4362724573","https://openalex.org/W4313434503","https://openalex.org/W6887947409","https://openalex.org/W2898793984","https://openalex.org/W4391299055","https://openalex.org/W3195665266","https://openalex.org/W1521134363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"discusses":[2],"the":[3,77,102,108,141,144,171,184,224,230,240],"process":[4,60],"of":[5,32,35,53,90,107,127,143,194],"developing":[6],"and":[7,11,25,38,104,216,227],"validating":[8],"a":[9,23,69,87,118,125,204],"conceptual":[10,37,198],"procedural":[12,209],"understanding":[13,31,199,210],"test":[14,27,44,94,100,111,231],"for":[15,76,151,167,175,208],"integral":[16,41],"calculus.":[17,42],"The":[18,43,58,110,132,146,154],"aim":[19],"was":[20,112,134,148,220],"to":[21,28,85,114,139,181],"produce":[22,86],"valid":[24,88],"reliable":[26],"measure":[29],"students'":[30],"both":[33,168,176],"types":[34],"knowledge,":[36],"procedural,":[39],"in":[40,48,117,239],"questions":[45,232],"were":[46,83,178,201,214,233,237],"developed":[47],"four":[49],"main":[50],"stages":[51],"consisting":[52],"eight":[54],"distinct":[55],"systematic":[56],"phases.":[57],"validation":[59],"started":[61],"with":[62,64,161,203],"discussions":[63],"content":[65,78],"experts":[66,73],"followed":[67],"by":[68],"pilot":[70,99],"test.":[71,109],"Four":[72],"provided":[74],"inputs":[75,82],"validity":[79],"purposes.":[80],"Their":[81],"used":[84,238],"set":[89],"Integral":[91,130],"Calculus":[92],"achievement":[93],"comprising":[95],"15":[96],"questions.":[97,145],"A":[98],"assessed":[101],"reliability":[103,159,173],"fit":[105,195],"statistics":[106],"administered":[113],"79":[115],"students":[116,128],"higher":[119],"learning":[120],"institution":[121],"selected":[122],"randomly":[123],"from":[124],"group":[126],"taking":[129],"Calculus.":[131],"data":[133],"analyzed":[135],"using":[136],"Winstep's":[137],"software":[138],"ensure":[140],"quality":[142],"analysis":[147],"done":[149],"separately":[150],"each":[152],"construct.":[153],"results":[155,185],"indicated":[156],"excellent":[157],"item":[158,219],"indices":[160,174],"very":[162],"good":[163],"index":[164,189],"separation":[165,190],"values":[166],"constructs.":[169],"However,":[170],"person":[172],"constructs":[177],"only":[179,187],"fair":[180,188],"good.":[182],"Likewise,":[183],"revealed":[186],"values.":[191],"In":[192],"terms":[193],"statistics,":[196],"three":[197],"items":[200,213],"replaced":[202],"new":[205],"item.":[206],"Meanwhile,":[207],"items,":[211],"two":[212],"combined":[215],"one":[217],"misfitting":[218],"modified.":[221],"Based":[222],"on":[223],"experts'":[225],"views":[226],"empirical":[228],"data,":[229],"modified":[234],"before":[235],"they":[236],"actual":[241],"study.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-10-10T17:16:08.811792","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
