{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183391748","doi":null,"title":"Building and Maintaining Relationships in the Digital Age: Using Social Penetration Theory to Explore Communication through Social Networking Sites","display_name":"Building and Maintaining Relationships in the Digital Age: Using Social Penetration Theory to Explore Communication through Social Networking Sites","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183391748","mag":"2183391748"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/19071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1808/19071","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400421","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19071","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015730477","display_name":"Natalie Pennington","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3256-843X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3256-843X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Natalie Pennington","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015730477"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10677","display_name":"Attachment and Relationship Dynamics","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10355","display_name":"Impact of Technology on Adolescents","score":0.17080000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.07370000332593918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-penetration-theory","display_name":"social penetration theory","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-social-networks","display_name":"social networking sites","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-relationships","display_name":"online relationships","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-maintenance","display_name":"relationship maintenance","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-disclosure","display_name":"self-disclosure","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relational-development","display_name":"relational development","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audience-awareness","display_name":"audience awareness","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-seeking","display_name":"information seeking","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy-concerns","display_name":"privacy concerns","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breakup","display_name":"breakup","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oversharing","display_name":"oversharing","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-conflict","display_name":"online conflict","score":0.5059999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facebook","display_name":"Facebook","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-closeness","display_name":"relationship closeness","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-satisfaction","display_name":"relationship satisfaction","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164850336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3685487","display_name":"Interpersonal communication","level":2,"score":0.5956395268440247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5649834871292114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4727928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164759","display_name":"Social network (sociolinguistics)","level":3,"score":0.5071444511413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.43115121126174927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.42939361929893494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.41977477073669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91034043","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223642","display_name":"Interpersonal relationship","level":2,"score":0.41783973574638367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.40027743577957153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.298279732465744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23691204190254211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.17093950510025024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/19071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1808/19071","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400421","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:2183391748","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/handle/1808/19071","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:kuscholarworks.ku.edu:1808/19071","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1808/19071","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1808/19071","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400421","display_name":"KU ScholarWorks (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2183391748.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2183391748.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9384692","https://openalex.org/W58155324","https://openalex.org/W63458140","https://openalex.org/W153756376","https://openalex.org/W306029580","https://openalex.org/W377384883","https://openalex.org/W615958108","https://openalex.org/W1501994733","https://openalex.org/W1633346712","https://openalex.org/W1673918140","https://openalex.org/W1679836389","https://openalex.org/W1801436027","https://openalex.org/W1884921489","https://openalex.org/W1969001298","https://openalex.org/W1973328000","https://openalex.org/W1974646348","https://openalex.org/W1980469652","https://openalex.org/W1981058567","https://openalex.org/W1984022436","https://openalex.org/W1984262440","https://openalex.org/W1984555073","https://openalex.org/W1991942377","https://openalex.org/W1996533425","https://openalex.org/W1998485971","https://openalex.org/W1999662031","https://openalex.org/W2007796801","https://openalex.org/W2008379987","https://openalex.org/W2011973845","https://openalex.org/W2022282209","https://openalex.org/W2028104888","https://openalex.org/W2035605968","https://openalex.org/W2038496767","https://openalex.org/W2039688301","https://openalex.org/W2044950274","https://openalex.org/W2047727587","https://openalex.org/W2048751381","https://openalex.org/W2053764227","https://openalex.org/W2057114292","https://openalex.org/W2062357899","https://openalex.org/W2069593786","https://openalex.org/W2075580876","https://openalex.org/W2077576343","https://openalex.org/W2081363028","https://openalex.org/W2091536619","https://openalex.org/W2092129161","https://openalex.org/W2099556653","https://openalex.org/W2103933416","https://openalex.org/W2106463071","https://openalex.org/W2109909769","https://openalex.org/W2119595472","https://openalex.org/W2120269487","https://openalex.org/W2120950648","https://openalex.org/W2130602313","https://openalex.org/W2130930529","https://openalex.org/W2131162081","https://openalex.org/W2132144675","https://openalex.org/W2133218549","https://openalex.org/W2134294902","https://openalex.org/W2135996838","https://openalex.org/W2138696352","https://openalex.org/W2141708418","https://openalex.org/W2142328265","https://openalex.org/W2147837078","https://openalex.org/W2150045067","https://openalex.org/W2151570541","https://openalex.org/W2152427206","https://openalex.org/W2154106761","https://openalex.org/W2159735299","https://openalex.org/W2166608099","https://openalex.org/W2169898191","https://openalex.org/W2559096420","https://openalex.org/W2565744304","https://openalex.org/W2576297379"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312063314","https://openalex.org/W2987554174","https://openalex.org/W4294676952","https://openalex.org/W3130192204","https://openalex.org/W4385388637","https://openalex.org/W2185873892","https://openalex.org/W7113236447","https://openalex.org/W248401442","https://openalex.org/W2951241869","https://openalex.org/W7099690153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74,113,141,165],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,24,54,84,90,103,109,156,184,214,230,271,280,288],"this":[3,46,171],"research":[4,47],"is":[5,284],"to":[6,36,49,66,71,96,126,150,173,193,204,208,221,246,257],"extend":[7],"Social":[8],"Penetration":[9],"Theory":[10],"(SPT)":[11],"beyond":[12],"face-to-face":[13],"(FtF)":[14],"relational":[15,42,58,137,259,282],"development":[16,43,59,262],"by":[17,33],"taking":[18],"into":[19],"account":[20],"the":[21,51,55,99,106,196,200,268,276,285],"unique":[22],"nature":[23],"online":[25,128,161],"interpersonal":[26],"interactions":[27],"and":[28,44,60,86,101,115,133,139,167,240,261,278],"self-disclosure":[29],"practices.":[30],"More":[31],"specifically,":[32],"applying":[34],"SPT":[35,68,272],"social":[37,182,216],"networking":[38],"sites":[39],"(SNSs)":[40],"for":[41,153,224,227],"maintenance,":[45],"seeks":[48],"test":[50],"major":[52],"assumptions":[53],"theory":[56],"regarding":[57],"self-disclosure.":[61],"Three":[62],"studies":[63,252],"were":[64,191],"conducted":[65],"assess":[67],"in":[69,78,119,199,263,274],"relation":[70],"communication":[72,104,127],"online.":[73,112],"first":[75],"study,":[76],"discussed":[77,118,235],"Chapter":[79,120],"Three,":[80],"used":[81,170],"a":[82,228,264],"combination":[83],"survey":[85,174],"quantitative":[87],"content":[88],"analysis":[89],"Facebook":[91],"profiles":[92],"(N":[93,147,176],"=":[94,148,177],"103)":[95],"look":[97],"at":[98],"depth":[100],"breadth":[102],"across":[105],"various":[107],"stages":[108],"relationships":[110,160],"maintained":[111],"second":[114,142,201],"third":[116,166],"studies,":[117],"Four,":[121],"considered":[122],"how":[123,195],"variables":[124,255],"related":[125,203,245],"(audience":[129],"awareness,":[130],"information":[131,238],"seeking,":[132],"privacy":[134],"concerns)":[135],"affected":[136],"maintenance":[138,260],"dissolution.":[140],"study":[143,169,202],"utilized":[144],"focus":[145],"groups":[146],"26)":[149],"generate":[151],"reasons":[152,197],"why":[154],"users":[155],"SNSs":[157],"would":[158],"end":[159],"(e.g.,":[162],"oversharing,":[163],"conflict).":[164],"final":[168],"list":[172],"participants":[175],"312)":[178],"about":[179],"their":[180,205,215,236],"own":[181,206,237],"network":[183],"choice":[185],"(Facebook,":[186],"Twitter":[187],"or":[188,210],"Instagram).":[189],"Participants":[190,233],"asked":[192],"consider":[194,258],"generated":[198],"decisions":[207],"\u201cunfriend\u201d":[209],"\u201chide\u201d":[211],"specific":[212],"members":[213,223],"network,":[217],"reporting":[218],"on":[219],"up":[220],"10":[222],"each":[225],"participant":[226],"total":[229],"3,062":[231],"cases.":[232],"also":[234],"seeking":[239],"audience":[241],"awareness":[242],"as":[243],"it":[244],"SNS":[247],"use.":[248],"Altogether,":[249],"these":[250],"three":[251],"highlight":[253],"important":[254],"needed":[256],"multimodal":[265],"world,":[266],"supporting":[267],"primary":[269],"claim":[270],"that":[273],"weighing":[275],"costs":[277],"rewards":[279],"self-disclosure,":[281],"closeness":[283],"best":[286],"predictor":[287],"satisfaction.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}