{"id":"https://openalex.org/W218326678","doi":null,"title":"Character at the Crossroads","display_name":"Character at the Crossroads","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W218326678","mag":"218326678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uchastings.edu:faculty_scholarship-1593","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/594","pdf_url":"https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1593&context=faculty_scholarship","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1593&context=faculty_scholarship","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055855970","display_name":"Roger C. Park","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roger C. Park","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055855970"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.08085802,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"3","first_page":"717","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14115","display_name":"Legal processes and jurisprudence","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.13330000638961792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13583","display_name":"Jury Decision Making Processes","score":0.010400000028312206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-evidence","display_name":"character evidence","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evidentiary-value","display_name":"evidentiary value","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inferential-errors","display_name":"inferential errors","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudicial-effect","display_name":"prejudicial effect","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-sense","display_name":"common sense","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personality-differences","display_name":"personality differences","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeat-offenders","display_name":"repeat offenders","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recidivism","display_name":"recidivism","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-history","display_name":"credit history","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-underwriting","display_name":"insurance underwriting","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-prediction","display_name":"risk prediction","score":0.48500001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6069481372833252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20658937096595764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.04792645573616028}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uchastings.edu:faculty_scholarship-1593","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/594","pdf_url":"https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1593&context=faculty_scholarship","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uchastings.edu:hastings_law_journal-3320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uchastings.edu/hastings_law_journal/vol49/iss3/9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hastings Law Journal","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:218326678","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uchastings.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1593&context=faculty_scholarship","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14279387","display_name":"Hastings law journal","issn_l":"0017-8322","issn":["0017-8322"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315713","host_organization_name":"University of California, Hastings College of the Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315713"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California, Hastings College of the Law"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Hastings law journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.uchastings.edu:faculty_scholarship-1593","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.uchastings.edu/faculty_scholarship/594","pdf_url":"https://repository.uclawsf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1593&context=faculty_scholarship","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty Scholarship","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.44999998807907104}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W218326678.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W218326678.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114205045","https://openalex.org/W1878775712","https://openalex.org/W2489789942","https://openalex.org/W4240686406","https://openalex.org/W1564057813","https://openalex.org/W4232154051","https://openalex.org/W4236088493","https://openalex.org/W7046580537","https://openalex.org/W4230168935","https://openalex.org/W2363033117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CHARACTER":[0],"AT":[1],"THE":[2],"CROSSROADS":[3],"posed":[4],"value":[5],"in":[6,47,126,185],"preventing":[7],"inferential":[8],"error.":[9],"a.":[10],"The":[11,84],"Probative":[12],"Value":[13],"of":[14,50,79,90,118,147,166],"Character":[15],"EvidenceCommon":[16],"sense":[17,100],"(that":[18],"is,":[19],"unsystematic":[20],"inductions":[21],"from":[22],"everyday":[23],"experience)":[24],"is":[25,123],"the":[26,105,116,119,127,145,171],"principal":[27],"basis":[28],"both":[29],"for":[30,38],"believing":[31],"character":[32,45],"evidence":[33,46],"to":[34,96,135,182,187,194],"be":[35,142,183],"probative,":[36],"and":[37,64,67,76,115,193],"fearing":[39],"its":[40],"prejudicial":[41],"effect.We":[42],"all":[43],"use":[44,158],"ordinary":[48,69],"life.'Most":[49],"us":[51,95],"believe":[52],"that":[53,68,98,107,173],"there":[54,108,129],"are":[55,71,82,109,178],"personality":[56],"differences":[57,111],"between":[58,112],"those":[59],"who":[60],"commit":[61],"outrageous":[62],"crimes":[63],"other":[65],"people,":[66],"people":[70],"more":[72],"restrained":[73],"by":[74,77,88],"morality":[75],"fear":[78],"consequences":[80],"than":[81],"criminals.9":[83],"data":[85],"gathered":[86],"systematically":[87],"scholars":[89],"crime":[91,103],"does":[92],"not":[93],"require":[94],"abandon":[97],"common":[99],"view.Scholarship":[101],"about":[102],"supports":[104],"view":[106],"individual":[110],"repeat":[113],"offenders":[114],"rest":[117],"population.\"Recidivism":[120],"data,":[121],"8.It":[122],"also":[124],"valued":[125],"marketplace.Were":[128],"no":[130],"such":[131],"thing":[132],"as":[133,163],"proclivity":[134],"drive":[136],"poorly,":[137],"an":[138,159],"easy":[139],"fortune":[140],"could":[141],"made":[143],"at":[144],"expense":[146],"conventional":[148],"insurance":[149,154],"companies.In":[150],"fact,":[151],"some":[152],"automobile":[153],"companies":[155],"reportedly":[156],"even":[157],"applicant's":[160],"credit":[161,177],"history":[162],"a":[164],"way":[165],"predicting":[167],"underwriting":[168],"risk,":[169],"on":[170],"theory":[172],"\"individuals":[174],"with":[175],"bad":[176],"likelier.":[179],".":[180,181],"involved":[184],"accidents,":[186],"have":[188],"vehicles":[189],"stolen":[190],"or":[191],"vandalized":[192],"file":[195],"fraudulent":[196],"claims.\"":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
