{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2183162689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12178","title":"Toward a National Database of Officer\u2010Involved Shootings","display_name":"Toward a National Database of Officer\u2010Involved Shootings","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2183162689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12178","mag":"2183162689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764941010","display_name":"Criminology & Public Policy","issn_l":"1538-6473","issn":["1538-6473","1745-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminology &amp; Public Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052744454","display_name":"Geoffrey P. Alpert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-3572","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-3572"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155781252","display_name":"University of South Carolina","ror":"https://ror.org/02b6qw903","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey P. Alpert","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of South Carolina, Griffith University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of South Carolina, Griffith University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301","https://openalex.org/I155781252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052744454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301","https://openalex.org/I155781252"],"apc_list":{"value":3350,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3350},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":36.6154,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99570342,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"237","last_page":"242"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11076","display_name":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12265","display_name":"Gun Ownership and Violence Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10318","display_name":"Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-shootings","display_name":"police shootings","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-use-of-lethal-force","display_name":"police use of deadly force","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-database","display_name":"national database","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-accountability","display_name":"police accountability","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-bias","display_name":"police bias","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/policy-evaluation","display_name":"policy evaluation","score":0.6019999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777189325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61022630","display_name":"Officer","level":2,"score":0.7606186866760254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778805511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713","display_name":"Citation","level":2,"score":0.6932375431060791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020212850","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456","display_name":"South carolina","level":2,"score":0.6000372767448425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102587632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488","display_name":"Criminal justice","level":2,"score":0.5566935539245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.5385725498199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.5157918930053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.44374048709869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3688065707683563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3570614457130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33462727069854736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.326084703207016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2282499074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.07872548699378967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/1745-9133.12178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12178","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12178","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764941010","display_name":"Criminology & Public Policy","issn_l":"1538-6473","issn":["1538-6473","1745-9133"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Criminology &amp; Public Policy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/99882","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/99882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064376","display_name":"Griffith Research Online","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9595999717712402,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2155071797","https://openalex.org/W2176256073","https://openalex.org/W2584071791","https://openalex.org/W2796594792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3133275923","https://openalex.org/W4406723248","https://openalex.org/W2176256073","https://openalex.org/W2959248222","https://openalex.org/W2786764872","https://openalex.org/W2613819799","https://openalex.org/W3014046203","https://openalex.org/W2497494366","https://openalex.org/W3206613474","https://openalex.org/W2905126239"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,157],"plea":[1],"to":[2,47,59,102,164,175,184,213],"develop":[3],"a":[4,30,61,118,139,154,202,210],"national":[5,62,141],"database":[6,63,203],"on":[7,168],"police":[8,97,111],"use":[9,87],"of":[10,33,37,42,50,55,81,85,88,129,143,152,159,172,178,191,218],"(deadly)":[11],"force":[12,90],"or":[13,99,109,220],"officer\u2010involved":[14],"shootings":[15],"(OIS)":[16],"is":[17,163],"not":[18,77],"new,":[19],"and":[20,24,40,45,73,150,208],"Klinger,":[21],"Rosenfeld,":[22],"Isom,":[23],"Deckard":[25],"(2016,":[26],"this":[27,160],"issue)":[28],"do":[29,76],"good":[31],"job":[32],"tracing":[34],"the":[35,38,48,56,70,82,86,92,100,135,148,169,181,189,192,216],"history":[36],"requests":[39],"responses":[41],"practitioners,":[43],"politicians,":[44],"researchers":[46],"lack":[49],"information.":[51],"Following":[52],"their":[53],"discussion":[54],"prior":[57,74],"attempts":[58,183],"put":[60],"together,":[64],"they":[65,114,145],"remark":[66],"that,":[67],"\u201cIn":[68],"sum,":[69],"available":[71],"data":[72],"research":[75],"permit":[78],"sound":[79],"assessments":[80],"social":[83],"determinants":[84],"deadly":[89],"by":[91],"police,":[93],"racial":[94,104],"disparities":[95,105],"in":[96,127,215],"shootings,":[98],"degree":[101],"which":[103],"may":[106],"reflect":[107],"biased":[108],"discriminatory":[110],"behavior.":[112],"Therefore,":[113],"cannot":[115],"serve":[116],"as":[117],"reliable":[119],"guide":[120],"for":[121,138,186],"policy":[122,161],"evaluation\u2014a":[123],"pressing":[124],"public":[125],"priority":[126],"light":[128],"recent":[130],"events.\u201d":[131],"By":[132],"moving":[133],"beyond":[134],"original":[136],"request":[137],"simple":[140],"reporting":[142,155],"OIS,":[144,179],"accurately":[146],"identify":[147],"needs":[149],"benefits":[151],"such":[153,201],"system.":[156],"purpose":[158],"essay":[162],"provide":[165],"some":[166],"background":[167],"dismal":[170],"state":[171],"affairs":[173],"related":[174],"our":[176,206],"knowledge":[177],"trace":[180],"government's":[182],"compensate":[185],"it,":[187],"introduce":[188],"importance":[190],"media,":[193],"argue":[194],"along":[195],"with":[196],"Klinger":[197],"et":[198],"al.":[199],"that":[200],"will":[204],"improve":[205],"understanding,":[207],"take":[209],"giant":[211],"step":[212],"assist":[214],"reduction":[217],"unnecessary":[219],"unreasonable":[221],"OIS.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
