{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2182718656","doi":null,"title":"IN THE BUDGETS OF LOW-INCOME FAMILIES","display_name":"IN THE BUDGETS OF LOW-INCOME FAMILIES","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2182718656","mag":"2182718656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2182718656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nber.org/~kling/eitc.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037421797","display_name":"Ruby M. Mendenhall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-4452","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-4452"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruby Mendenhall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5015-4452","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021497809","display_name":"Kathryn J. Edin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-6162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-6162"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathryn Edin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2190-6162","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Susan L. Crowley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1372-2104","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1372-2104"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan L. Crowley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1372-2104","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109581395","display_name":"Jennifer Sykes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer Sykes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035622128","display_name":"Laura Tach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-601X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8515-601X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Laura Tach","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036242063","display_name":"Katrin Kri\u017e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-1919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9135-1919"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrin Kri\u017e","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107521267","display_name":"Jeffrey R. Kling","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeffrey R. Kling","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.34040012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.7153000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10517","display_name":"Financial Literacy, Pension, Retirement Analysis","score":0.7153000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.2354000061750412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13042","display_name":"Economic and Fiscal Studies","score":0.019200000911951065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earned-income-tax-credit","display_name":"Earned Income Tax Credit","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tax-refunds","display_name":"tax refunds","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-budgeting","display_name":"household budgeting","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-households","display_name":"low-income households","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savings","display_name":"savings","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-debt","display_name":"household debt","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-expenditure","display_name":"household expenditure","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asset-accumulation","display_name":"asset accumulation","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-spending","display_name":"emergency spending","score":0.5699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-american-families","display_name":"African American families","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latino-families","display_name":"Latino families","score":0.9470000267028809}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778979077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330190","display_name":"Receipt","level":2,"score":0.9069556593894958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.7373936772346497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777281377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1036463","display_name":"Earned income tax credit","level":3,"score":0.560695469379425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.55060875415802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.5418310165405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5044823884963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018804484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Low income","level":2,"score":0.45208775997161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39721915125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.372408926486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.3590065836906433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.32697683572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.288779616355896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.2745800316333771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.18178033828735352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2182718656","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nber.org/~kling/eitc.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.8928999900817871,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W869121258","https://openalex.org/W1499095411","https://openalex.org/W1578907517","https://openalex.org/W1582554747","https://openalex.org/W1868242300","https://openalex.org/W1978982848","https://openalex.org/W1987285598","https://openalex.org/W1994605666","https://openalex.org/W2030164140","https://openalex.org/W2055007774","https://openalex.org/W2071624487","https://openalex.org/W2116994302","https://openalex.org/W2124733286","https://openalex.org/W2126729239","https://openalex.org/W2137894413","https://openalex.org/W2157870329","https://openalex.org/W2339176665","https://openalex.org/W2478555947","https://openalex.org/W2738228318","https://openalex.org/W2890102367","https://openalex.org/W3020850935","https://openalex.org/W3121865082","https://openalex.org/W3123818823","https://openalex.org/W3125370091","https://openalex.org/W3125830978"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978453283","https://openalex.org/W7095114552","https://openalex.org/W2186920508","https://openalex.org/W2895755036","https://openalex.org/W1607290554","https://openalex.org/W7097563829","https://openalex.org/W2555159009","https://openalex.org/W7100198861","https://openalex.org/W4384820597","https://openalex.org/W1520104746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,57],"annual":[1,142],"receipt":[2],"of":[3,53,59,69,93,105,140],"large":[4],"tax":[5,143],"refunds,":[6],"primarily":[7],"due":[8,117],"to":[9,22,64,72,97,118],"the":[10,106,138],"Earned":[11],"Income":[12],"Tax":[13],"Credit":[14],"(EITC),":[15],"provides":[16],"families":[17,60],"with":[18,42],"unusual":[19],"budget":[20],"opportunities":[21],"pay":[23],"old":[24],"bills":[25,81],"and":[26,46,74,82,121],"build":[27],"assets.":[28],"In":[29],"2007,":[30],"short":[31],"surveys":[32],"were":[33,114],"conducted,":[34],"followed":[35],"by":[36,137],"in-depth":[37],"interviews":[38],"six":[39],"months":[40],"later":[41],"194":[43],"African-American,":[44],"Latino,":[45],"White":[47],"parents":[48],"who":[49],"received":[50],"EITC":[51],"refunds":[52],"at":[54],"least":[55],"$1,000.":[56],"majority":[58],"(57":[61],"percent)":[62,92],"planned":[63,96,112],"allocate":[65],"a":[66],"considerable":[67],"portion":[68],"their":[70,78],"refund":[71,107],"savings":[73],"39":[75],"percent":[76,101],"accomplished":[77],"goal.":[79],"Paying":[80],"debt":[83],"was":[84],"another":[85],"important":[86],"category":[87],"as":[88],"almost":[89],"three-quarters":[90],"(72":[91],"our":[94],"sample":[95],"use":[98],"(and":[99],"84":[100],"did":[102],"use)":[103],"some":[104],"in":[108],"this":[109],"area.":[110],"Families\u2019":[111],"allocations":[113],"often":[115],"readjusted":[116],"emergencies,":[119],"debt,":[120],"bills.":[122],"Despite":[123],"setbacks,":[124],"many":[125],"recipients":[126],"have":[127],"significant":[128],"asset":[129],"accumulation":[130],"goals,":[131],"which":[132],"they":[133],"say":[134],"are":[135],"fueled":[136],"expectation":[139],"ongoing":[141],"refunds.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}