{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2182678151","doi":null,"title":"Innovations Derived from the Transit Program","display_name":"Innovations Derived from the Transit Program","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2182678151","mag":"2182678151"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2182678151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/td/td1901/kennedy.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14903304","display_name":"Johns Hopkins APL technical digest","issn_l":"0270-5214","issn":["0270-5214"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Johns Hopkins APL technical digest","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054742832","display_name":"Gary C. Kennedy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary C. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Michael J. Crawford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3835"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael J. Crawford","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6598-3835","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17048024,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"1","first_page":"27","last_page":"35"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":0.5009999871253967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.15629999339580536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.07479999959468842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/satellite-navigation","display_name":"satellite navigation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sputnik","display_name":"Sputnik","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-navy","display_name":"United States Navy","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-race","display_name":"space race","score":0.5569999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122555611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627421","display_name":"Launched","level":2,"score":0.6512649655342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19269812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite","level":2,"score":0.6349624991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776746162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4508","display_name":"Navy","level":2,"score":0.61109459400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.5962122678756714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68477667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862327","display_name":"Quasi-Zenith Satellite System","level":5,"score":0.5955913066864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778022998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q651136","display_name":"Transit (satellite)","level":3,"score":0.5928784012794495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44784820079803467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985889645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26540","display_name":"Satellite tracking","level":3,"score":0.4310571551322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778027091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25346003","display_name":"Satellite system","level":4,"score":0.3920985758304596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.38978493213653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.362482488155365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.29650166630744934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.20540326833724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17940980195999146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15952926874160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.148462176322937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539828613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512","display_name":"Public transport","level":2,"score":0.10250544548034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07634279131889343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2182678151","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://techdigest.jhuapl.edu/td/td1901/kennedy.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14903304","display_name":"Johns Hopkins APL technical digest","issn_l":"0270-5214","issn":["0270-5214"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315678","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315678","https://openalex.org/P4310316510"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Johns Hopkins University Press","Johns Hopkins University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Johns Hopkins APL technical digest","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.428600013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021070912","https://openalex.org/W2803077811"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7071491859","https://openalex.org/W2013662963","https://openalex.org/W2188511130","https://openalex.org/W2033874210","https://openalex.org/W3030948630","https://openalex.org/W2989977596","https://openalex.org/W2318704837","https://openalex.org/W2109265119","https://openalex.org/W3108698315","https://openalex.org/W1657519467"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"On":[0],"4":[1],"October":[2],"1957,":[3],"without":[4],"warning,":[5],"the":[6,15,33,43,51,79,84,92,97,100,106,113],"Soviet":[7],"Union":[8],"launched":[9],"Sputnik":[10],"I,":[11],"and":[12,35,105],"with":[13],"it":[14],"space":[16],"age.":[17],"The":[18],"United":[19],"States":[20],"was":[21],"taken":[22],"by":[23],"surprise.":[24],"We":[25],"had":[26],"no":[27],"receiving":[28],"equipment":[29],"to":[30,32,50,68],"listen":[31],"satellite,":[34],"worst":[36],"of":[37,78,88,95,99],"all,":[38],"we":[39],"didn\u2019t":[40],"know":[41],"what":[42],"satellite":[44,61,109],"did.":[45],"This":[46,81],"external":[47],"stimulus":[48],"led":[49],"Navy":[52],"Navigation":[53],"Satellite":[54,102],"System,":[55],"known":[56],"as":[57],"Transit,":[58,96],"an":[59],"all-weather":[60],"navigational":[62],"system":[63],"that":[64],"allowed":[65],"naval":[66],"units":[67],"pinpoint":[69],"their":[70],"positions":[71],"anywhere":[72],"on":[73],"Earth":[74],"in":[75,108],"direct":[76],"support":[77],"Fleet.":[80],"article":[82],"addresses":[83],"largely":[85],"untold":[86],"story":[87],"Transit":[89],"operations,":[90],"including":[91],"military":[93],"importance":[94],"evolution":[98],"Naval":[101],"Operations":[103],"Center,":[104],"breakthroughs":[107],"management":[110],"resulting":[111],"from":[112],"system.":[114],"(":[115]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}