{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2182487752","doi":null,"title":"What Drives Interest Rate Spreads of Commercial Banks in Pakistan? Empirical Evidence based on Panel Data","display_name":"What Drives Interest Rate Spreads of Commercial Banks in Pakistan? Empirical Evidence based on Panel Data","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2182487752","mag":"2182487752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2182487752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sbp.org.pk/research/bulletin/2010/Vol6No.2/Mahmood&Bilal.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045614069","display_name":"Bilal Ahmad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-7359","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-7359","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2518-0648"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bilal Ahmad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7648-7359","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045614069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6716,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89427847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"15","last_page":"36"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14183","display_name":"Banking Sector Performance and Management","score":0.00279999990016222,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.0015999999595806003,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rate-spreads","display_name":"interest rate spreads","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commercial-banks","display_name":"commercial banks","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-funding-costs","display_name":"bank funding costs","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-costs","display_name":"operating costs","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-interest-income","display_name":"non-interest income","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-concentration","display_name":"market concentration","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macroeconomic-factors","display_name":"macroeconomic factors","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monetary-policy","display_name":"monetary policy","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistani-banking-sector","display_name":"Pakistan banking sector","score":0.6700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.7043889164924622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.6532636880874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175025494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179179","display_name":"Interest rate","level":2,"score":0.6486257314682007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4997289180755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126285488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178476","display_name":"Monetary policy","level":2,"score":0.4956258535385132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4608786404132843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986226071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22687","display_name":"Banking industry","level":2,"score":0.4597291052341461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.4479489028453827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129489539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3383101","display_name":"Net interest income","level":3,"score":0.42812156677246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.20298126339912415}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2182487752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sbp.org.pk/research/bulletin/2010/Vol6No.2/Mahmood&Bilal.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535575484","https://openalex.org/W1552721872","https://openalex.org/W1792870128","https://openalex.org/W1933529014","https://openalex.org/W1997263085","https://openalex.org/W2006266999","https://openalex.org/W2009012048","https://openalex.org/W2059812431","https://openalex.org/W2102897370","https://openalex.org/W2110959248","https://openalex.org/W2146616257","https://openalex.org/W2153782510","https://openalex.org/W3122812532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4407115794","https://openalex.org/W2121158655","https://openalex.org/W1525518085","https://openalex.org/W4256565224","https://openalex.org/W1792870128","https://openalex.org/W4403916433","https://openalex.org/W4280494853","https://openalex.org/W4307751172","https://openalex.org/W3208019783","https://openalex.org/W4409258154"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"analyses":[2],"the":[3,43,66,84,105,144,147,169,187],"determinants":[4],"of":[5,9,20,45,59,70,86,107,146,150,171,186],"interest":[6,128],"rate":[7],"spreads":[8,58,138,178],"commercial":[10,60,136],"banks":[11,22,36,61],"operating":[12,72],"in":[13,89,95,110,139,168,174],"Pakistan":[14],"by":[15,65],"using":[16],"a":[17,132,151,162,184],"balanced":[18],"panel":[19],"28":[21],"from":[23,79],"1997":[24],"to":[25,39,76],"2009.":[26],"A":[27],"one":[28],"step":[29],"linear":[30],"regression":[31],"with":[32,101],"fixed":[33],"effect":[34],"across":[35],"is":[37],"estimated":[38],"take":[40],"into":[41],"account":[42],"impact":[44,145],"bank-specific,":[46],"industry-specific,":[47],"and":[48,74,92,120,127],"macroeconomic":[49,121],"factors":[50],"on":[51,135,154,158],"banking":[52,102,115,159,177],"spreads.":[53,116,160],"The":[54],"results":[55],"indicate":[56],"that":[57,167],"are":[62,98],"primarily":[63],"driven":[64],"banks'":[67],"low":[68],"cost":[69],"funding;":[71],"expenses;":[73],"opportunities":[75],"earn":[77],"income":[78,109,112],"non-core":[80],"business":[81],"activities.":[82],"Specifically,":[83],"share":[85,106],"non-remunerative":[87],"deposits":[88,91],"total":[90,96,111],"administration":[93],"expense":[94,97],"positively":[99],"correlated":[100],"spreads,":[103],"while":[104],"non-interest":[108],"negatively":[113],"affects":[114],"Further,":[117],"market":[118],"concentration":[119],"variables,":[122],"such":[123],"as":[124,183],"real":[125],"GDP":[126],"rates":[129],"also":[130,142],"have":[131,180],"positive":[133],"influence":[134],"bank":[137],"Pakistan.":[140],"We":[141],"analyze":[143],"recent":[148],"imposition":[149],"regulatory":[152],"floor":[153],"savings":[155],"deposit":[156],"returns":[157],"Using":[161],"difference-in-difference":[163],"approach":[164],"we":[165],"find":[166],"absence":[170],"subsequent":[172],"tightening":[173],"monetary":[175],"policy,":[176],"would":[179],"been":[181],"lower":[182],"result":[185],"policy":[188],"measure.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}