{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2182359145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","title":"Properly Timed Soil-applied Nitrogen Fertilizer Increases Yield and Fruit Size of `Hass' Avocado","display_name":"Properly Timed Soil-applied Nitrogen Fertilizer Increases Yield and Fruit Size of `Hass' Avocado","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2182359145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","mag":"2182359145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/jashs/126/5/article-p555.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764541395","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science","issn_l":"0003-1062","issn":["0003-1062","2327-9788"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/jashs/126/5/article-p555.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103574064","display_name":"Carol J. Lovatt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carol J. Lovatt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521-0124","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103574064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"fwci":1.4263,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82482692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"126","issue":"5","first_page":"555","last_page":"559"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11546","display_name":"Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.019099999219179153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hass-avocado","display_name":"Hass avocado","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avocado","display_name":"avocado","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-application-timing","display_name":"nitrogen application timing","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-yield","display_name":"fruit yield","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fruit-size","display_name":"fruit size","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-phenology","display_name":"tree phenology","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flower-initiation","display_name":"flower initiation","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthesis","display_name":"anthesis","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonium-nitrate","display_name":"ammonium nitrate","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrate-leaching","display_name":"nitrate leaching","score":0.7200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-nitrate-pollution","display_name":"groundwater nitrate contamination","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchard-fertilization","display_name":"orchard fertilization","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetative-growth","display_name":"vegetative growth","score":0.3630000054836273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777092684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132039","display_name":"Persea","level":2,"score":0.928592324256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51417038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272737","display_name":"Phenology","level":2,"score":0.7997443079948425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.6688867807388306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88972607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2666904","display_name":"Human fertilization","level":2,"score":0.5265824198722839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134121241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899301","display_name":"Yield (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5192551612854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.44268661737442017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4209224581718445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.358495831489563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/jashs/126/5/article-p555.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764541395","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science","issn_l":"0003-1062","issn":["0003-1062","2327-9788"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21273/jashs.126.5.555","pdf_url":"https://journals.ashs.org/downloadpdf/journals/jashs/126/5/article-p555.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764541395","display_name":"Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science","issn_l":"0003-1062","issn":["0003-1062","2327-9788"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800526","host_organization_name":"American Society for Horticultural Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800526"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Horticultural Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2182359145.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2182359145.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1804983863","https://openalex.org/W1947644490","https://openalex.org/W2046718611","https://openalex.org/W2163475552","https://openalex.org/W2185451940","https://openalex.org/W2186756959","https://openalex.org/W2188779337","https://openalex.org/W2291759189","https://openalex.org/W2302788896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2514217759","https://openalex.org/W7099683611","https://openalex.org/W283613911","https://openalex.org/W2064202215","https://openalex.org/W64992271","https://openalex.org/W2188779337","https://openalex.org/W4300967395","https://openalex.org/W2896057225","https://openalex.org/W2302788896","https://openalex.org/W2883655074"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"protect":[1],"groundwater":[2],"from":[3,39],"potential":[4],"nitrate":[5],"pollution,":[6],"`Hass'":[7,100,457],"avocado":[8,101],"(":[9,239,344,367,423],"Persea":[10],"americana":[11],"Mill.)":[12],"growers":[13],"in":[14,68,121,142,152,213,253,414],"California":[15],"divide":[16],"the":[17,37,53,64,69,78,81,94,107,125,169,223,250,294,299,308,321,331,335,341,350,354,357,364,373,409,418,460,475],"total":[18,192],"annual":[19,193,454],"soil-applied":[20],"nitrogen":[21],"(N)":[22],"fertilizer":[23],"(N":[24],"at":[25,83,136,148,182,188,209,298,315,378],"56":[26,210],"to":[27,42,51,76,236,262,287,363,404,448],"168":[28,137],"kg\u00b7ha":[29,138,150,184,197,211,468],"-1":[30,139,151,185,198,212,469],")":[31],"into":[32],"small":[33,144],"applications":[34,71],"made":[35],"during":[36,113,285,382,388],"period":[38],"late":[40],"January":[41],"early":[43,288],"November.":[44,159],"However,":[45],"no":[46,392],"research":[47,90],"had":[48,391],"been":[49],"conducted":[50],"test":[52],"efficacy":[54],"of":[55,66,80,86,96,99,109,116,127,146,171,195,219,249,293,301,311,317,325,334,353,372,376,408,412,420,439,456,462,472],"this":[56,122],"fertilization":[57],"practice,":[58],"and":[59,158,174,232,284,291,323,437,453],"there":[60],"was":[61,124,186,255,313,337,428,474],"concern":[62],"that":[63,444],"amount":[65,108],"N":[67,110,130,147,176,194,207,312,377,413,434,440,463],"individual":[70],"may":[72],"be":[73,103,446],"too":[74],"little":[75],"meet":[77],"demand":[79],"tree":[82,117,172],"some":[84],"stages":[85,115,202,268],"its":[87],"phenology.":[88,118],"The":[89,119,265],"presented":[91],"herein":[92],"addressed":[93],"question":[95],"whether":[97],"yield":[98,226,254,361,399],"could":[102],"increased":[104,222,360],"by":[105],"doubling":[106],"currently":[111],"applied":[112,187,314,464],"specific":[114],"control":[120,237,342,365,405],"experiment":[123],"practice":[126],"annually":[128],"applying":[129],"as":[131,177],"NH":[132,178],"4":[133,179,332,351],"NO":[134,180],"3":[135,181],"(168":[140],"trees/ha)":[141],"six":[143,162],"doses":[145],"28":[149,183],"January,":[153],"February,":[154],"April,":[155],"June,":[156],"July,":[157],"From":[160],"these":[161,318],"application":[163,208,216,441,473],"times,":[164],"five":[165],"were":[166,203,269,465],"selected":[167],"on":[168,395],"basis":[170],"phenology":[173],"additional":[175],"each":[189,244],"time":[190,471],"for":[191,205],"196":[196],".":[199],"Two":[200],"phenological":[201,267],"identified":[204],"which":[206],"a":[214],"single":[215],"(double":[217],"dose":[218,310,375,411],"N)":[220],"significantly":[221,338,416,430],"4-year":[224],"cumulative":[225,398],"(kilograms":[227],"fruit":[228,260,289,328,401,451],"per":[229],"tree)":[230],"30%":[231],"39%,":[233],"respectively,":[234],"compared":[235,362,403],"trees":[238,343,366],"P":[240,345,368,424],"\u2264":[241,346,369,425],"0.01).":[242,347],"In":[243],"case,":[245],"more":[246,277,476],"than":[247,340],"70%":[248],"net":[251],"increase":[252,449],"commercially":[256],"valuable":[257],"large":[258,326],"size":[259,327,402],"(178":[261],"325":[263],"g/fruit).":[264],"two":[266,319],"when":[270],"shoot":[271,296],"apical":[272],"buds":[273],"have":[274],"four":[275],"or":[276,387,397,400],"secondary":[278],"axis":[279],"inflorescence":[280],"meristems":[281],"present":[282],"(mid-November);":[283],"anthesis":[286],"set":[290],"initiation":[292,380],"vegetative":[295],"flush":[297],"apex":[300],"indeterminate":[302],"floral":[303],"shoots":[304],"(about":[305],"mid-April).":[306],"When":[307,459],"double":[309,374,410],"either":[316],"stages,":[320],"kilograms":[322],"number":[324],"averaged":[329],"across":[330,349],"years":[333,352],"study":[336],"greater":[339],"Averaged":[348],"study,":[355],"only":[356],"November":[358],"treatment":[359],"0.05).":[370,426],"Application":[371,407],"flower":[379],"(January),":[381],"early-stage":[383],"gynoecium":[384],"development":[385],"(February),":[386],"June":[389],"drop":[390],"significant":[393],"effect":[394],"average":[396],"trees.":[406],"April":[415],"reduced":[417],"severity":[419],"alternate":[421],"bearing":[422],"Yield":[427],"not":[429],"correlated":[431],"with":[432],"leaf":[433],"concentration.":[435],"Time":[436],"rate":[438],"are":[442],"factors":[443],"can":[445],"optimized":[447],"yield,":[450],"size,":[452],"cropping":[455],"avocado.":[458],"amounts":[461],"equal":[466],"(196":[467],"),":[470],"important":[477],"factor.":[478]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}