{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2181708856","doi":null,"title":"One way to camouflage communication over a public network is to mingle connections from a variety of users and applications to make them difficult to distinguish.","display_name":"One way to camouflage communication over a public network is to mingle connections from a variety of users and applications to make them difficult to distinguish.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2181708856","mag":"2181708856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2181708856","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://simson.net/ref/2005/csci_e-170/ref/p39-goldschlag.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048009766","display_name":"David M. Goldschlag","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Goldschlag","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033249356","display_name":"Michael Reed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Reed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028116351","display_name":"Paul F. Syverson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Syverson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11045","display_name":"Privacy, Security, and Data Protection","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/onion-routing","display_name":"onion routing","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anonymous-communication","display_name":"anonymous communication","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-analysis","display_name":"traffic analysis","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-privacy","display_name":"network privacy","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-switched-networks","display_name":"packet-switched networks","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping-resistance","display_name":"eavesdropping resistance","score":0.8169999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153043593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727896","display_name":"Connectionless communication","level":3,"score":0.8023058176040649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.6643391847610474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6550423502922058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.6512177586555481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5344406962394714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5089797973632812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4391741454601288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.426428884267807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.41024255752563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.08577358722686768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2181708856","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://simson.net/ref/2005/csci_e-170/ref/p39-goldschlag.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606058619","https://openalex.org/W1889504152","https://openalex.org/W1973264053","https://openalex.org/W2005708967","https://openalex.org/W2103647628","https://openalex.org/W2113628058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341111334","https://openalex.org/W2005708967","https://openalex.org/W2126397841","https://openalex.org/W1562199962","https://openalex.org/W2109453700","https://openalex.org/W7096239256","https://openalex.org/W1866026688","https://openalex.org/W7098853836","https://openalex.org/W2113813196","https://openalex.org/W7098705900"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"reserving":[0],"privacy":[1],"meansnot":[2],"only":[3],"hiding":[4],"the":[5,25],"content":[6],"ofmessages,":[7],"but":[8,31],"alsohiding":[9],"who":[10],"istalking":[11],"towhom":[12],"(traf-fic":[13],"analy-sis).":[14],"Muchlike":[15],"a":[16,43,49],"physi-cal":[17],"envelope,the":[18],"simple":[19],"application":[20,85],"ofcryptography":[21],"within":[22],"apacket-switched":[23],"networkhides":[24],"contents":[26],"of":[27],"mes-sages":[28],"being":[29],"sent,":[30],"can":[32,73],"revealwho":[33],"is":[34,42,108],"talking":[35],"to":[36,61,94],"whom,":[37],"andhow":[38],"often.":[39],"Onion":[40],"Routing":[41,81],"gen-eral-purpose":[44],"infrastructure":[45],"for":[46,76],"privatecommunication":[47],"over":[48],"public":[50],"network":[51,107],"[3,":[52],"4,":[53],"6].It":[54],"provides":[55],"anonymous":[56],"connections":[57,67,115],"that":[58],"arestrongly":[59],"resistant":[60],"both":[62],"eavesdropping":[63],"andtraffic":[64],"analysis.":[65],"The":[66],"are":[68],"bidirec-tional,":[69],"near":[70],"real-time,":[71],"and":[72,78,87,125],"be":[74],"used":[75],"bothconnection-based":[77],"connectionless":[79],"traffic.Onion":[80],"interfaces":[82],"with":[83],"off-the-shelf":[84],"software":[86],"sys-tems":[88],"through":[89],"specialized":[90],"proxies,making":[91],"it":[92],"easy":[93],"integrate":[95],"intoexisting":[96],"systems.":[97],"Prototypeshave":[98],"been":[99],"running":[100],"since":[101],"July1997.":[102],"At":[103],"press":[104],"time,":[105],"theprototype":[106],"pro-cessing":[109],"more":[110,118],"than":[111,119],"one":[112],"mil-lion":[113],"Web":[114],"permonth":[116],"from":[117],"sixthousand":[120],"IP":[121],"addresses":[122],"intwenty":[123],"countries":[124],"in":[126],"all":[127],"sixmain":[128],"top":[129],"level":[130],"domains.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
